The process of phagocytosis often happens when the cell is trying to destroy something, like a virus or an infected cell, and is often used by immune system cells. _____ are organelles found in all types of animal cells which contain a large range of enzymes. [image] How do some people develop an autoimmune disease? a) it occurs after the second and subsequent exposures to an antigen plasma B cells a. exposure to an antigen in the environment b. injection of weakened viruses c. passage of IgG antibodies from a pregnant mother to her fetus d. booster shot of vaccine e. presence of IgD antibodies on the surface of a B cell 33. a) first A microphage is translated as ~'big eater,~' and it locates and eats unwanted microscopic particles such as bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses. d) inflammation Recognizes antigens on bacteria and activates B lymphocytes: 1. phagocytes b) thymus Delayed-type hypersensitivity c) skeletal muscles Macrophages are constituents of the reticuloendothelial system (or mononuclear phagocyte system) and occur in almost all tissues of the body. TNF would be an example of a(n). select all that apply. both secrete histamine, heparin and other chemicals involved in inflammation. + c) there are more of them, why do memory T cells allow for a faster immune response when the body is exposed to the same antigen again? d) collecting ducts. + e) fluid recovery from tissues the _________________ are patches of lymphatic tissue located at the entrance to the pharynx, where they guard against ingested and inhaled pathogens. + f) systemic vasodilation, anaphylactic shock is characterized by which of the following? b) cholesterol synthesis Monocytes move through the bloodstream and when they leave the blood, they mature into macrophages. c) lymphatic nodules. the alternative, classical and lectin pathways are the three pathways to activate ____________________. d) nonspecific; humoral, b) antibodies first appear 3-6days after exposure, peaking at day10 a) third The debris of _____ _____ are also cleaned up by macrophages. any large molecule capable of triggering an immune response is called a(n) ___________________. d) NK cells b) cell-mediated; nonspecific any surface glycolipid on a bacterium or virus that stimulates fever is what type of pyrogen? Macrophages are constituents of the reticuloendothelial system (or mononuclear phagocyte system) and occur in almost all tissues of the body. an abnormal accumulation of non-inflammatory tissue fluid resulting in swelling is known as __________________. a) valves are present lymphatic vessels that carry lymph away from a lymph node are called ___________________ vessels. c) vaginal secretions We reviewed their content and use your feedback to keep the quality high. such as skin, the gastrointestinal tract, the respiratory tract, the . A. Immunosuppressive drugs are used after organ transplantation and in the treatment of severe inflammatory and allergic conditions when the immune system is hyperactive, whereas immunomodulating drugs are used to treat diseases in which the activity of the immune system is beneficial. a) increased cardiac output c) alternative. CTL-mediated cytotoxicity Specialized macrophages may be referred to by different names in different tissues; for example, those in the liver are called Kupffer cells, whereas those in the skin are Langerhans cells. d) natural killer cells, what do eosinophils secrete? + d) they are identical, which describes a clonal population of T cells? Immunity that develops after the administration of a vaccine is a. naturally acquired active immunity b. natural passive immunity c. innate immunity d. artificially acquired active immunity e. artificial passive immunity 32. Gut bacteria, bacterial endotoxins, and microbial debris . Much like the enzymes in our own stomach are released to digest our food, the enzymes released by the lysosome digest the particle. _____ _____ are stationary and reside permanently in key organs of the body, such as in the brain, liver, etc. the process called __________________ selection results in the formation of a clone of identical T cells programmed against the same epitope. a) mast cells The T cells destroy the body's own cells that have themselves been taken over by viruses or become cancerous. + d) it occurs with the first exposure to an antigen Macrophages develop in the bone marrow from cells known as monocytes. f) systemic vasodilation, some bacteria produce which enzyme that allows them to more readily spread throughout connective tissues? d) multi-loved nucleus with cytoplasmic granules d) antibody count, what is the exocytosis of lysosomal contents by neutrophils called? Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. a) helper T cells b) CBC b) liver Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. true or false: lymph is propelled through the lymphatic system by the rhythmic contractions of the heart. + b) abnormal exposure to self antigens + c) tumor necrosis factor b) pyrogens Mycobacteria Fungi Some parasites Transplant rejection Tumor immunity, Type IV Hypersensitivity Inflammatory reactions induced by Helper T cell cytokine, Initiated by mononuclear leukocytes () influx d) macrophages. Which of the innate defense mechanisms can lyse bacteria and mark cells for phagocytosis? Macrophages clean up a wide variety of unwanted foreign bodies. Although our body has barriers in place, such as our skin and mucous membranes that keep many of these microorganisms out, they still manage to get inside our bodies. This is helpful to the immune response because TLRs. d) lymphatic system, a) the presence of defensins name the large lymphatic organ located near the diaphragm, stomach and left kidney. b) hemorrhage e) fluid recovery from tissues Finally, suppose that obese workers at the SNPP are likely to spend more on health care than their thinner colleagues. true or false: lymphatic capillaries are open-ended vessels consisting of loosely overlapping endothelial cells. e) neutrophils. macrophage, type of white blood cell that helps eliminate foreign substances by engulfing foreign materials and initiating an immune response. Contact dermatitis (e.g., poison ivy rash), Tuberculin skin test reactions, Granulomatous inflammation (eg, sarcoidosis, Crohn disease), Allograft rejection, and autoimmune hypersensitivity reactions, Caused by type IV hypersensitivity and cell-mediated immunity Antigen-reactive lymphocytes of recipient are sensitized against + f) superoxide anion, the respiratory burst by neutrophils leads to the production of which of the following? b) B cells Which of the following statements below describes the way in which bacteria can be removed from the extracellular fluid? 2) interstitial spaces (interstitial fluid) 3) lymphatic capillaries (lymph) 4) lymphatic vessels (lymph) 5) lymphatic ducts (lymph) 6) subclavian veins (blood) place the flow of fluid in order, beginning with blood in the blood capillaries. name the duct that drains lymph from the body below the diaphragm, the left upper limb and the left side of the head, neck and thorax. B lymphocytes name the type of recombination whereby several hundred DNA segments are shuffled and combined in various ways to produce antibody genes unique to each clone of B cells. b) lactic acid a) hyperemia b) hypothalamus 5) B cells differentiate into plasma cells and memory cells a system that enhances the destruction of bacteria through the activation of mast cells, lymphocytes, and phagocytes. a) in a few body tissues, such as the spleen, thymus, tonsils and lymph nodes c) the presence of interferons d) cartilage a) complement select all that apply. Imagine a street sweeper slowly rolling down your street. 1) activation of complement proteins2) activation of B-lymphocytes3) stimulation of T(H) cells. A - B - C - D Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify the responses of the body to a viral pathogen. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. We can picture the macrophage in a similar way when it is cleaning up cell debris. e) capable of destroying bacteria, a) there are fewer steps to activation Additionally, as previously mentioned, macrophages also clean up dead cell debris and other 'garbage' that may be lying around. e) lysosomes + c) hydrogen peroxide Type II = antibody dependent cytotoxicity b) alveolar macrophages c) an immune system that reacts to self antigens, a) patches of lymphatic tissue a) antibodies first appear within hours, peaking at day3 Which of the following best describes a function of the thymus? 1) afferent lymphatic vessel the components of the lymphatic system are the lymph, lymphatic vessels, lymphatic tissues, lymphatic nodes and lymphatic ____________________. a) lack of reactivity to self peptide fragments Is it possible for the human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine to cause an HPV infection in the recipient? select all that apply. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Natural Killer (NK) cells? a) basophils Create your account. Phagocytosis literally means 'eat cell.' What are the primary cells of adaptive immunity Thymus Which lymphoid organ is required for the selection of a functional population of T lymphocytes (T cells) for the immune system Helper T cell What type of cell is activated in lymphatic tissue by macrophages presenting antigens during a viral infection Immune surveillance Macrophages, Killer Cells & Other Cells of the Innate Immune System, Urinary System Organs | Diagram, Structure & Anatomy, Major Blood Vessels Between the Heart and Lungs: Pulmonary Trunk, Arteries & Veins, Antibody Structural Components & Function | Chains & Domains: Overview & Examples. select all that apply. The production and deployment of phagocytes are central functions of the hematopoietic system. What is the name of the unique area (specific region) that a lymphocyte recognizes and binds to? d) alkaline phosphatase c) medullary cords A macrophage is a large white blood cell that is an important part of our immune system. Less commonly by ADCC, Repeated Bacterial infection b) an incomplete fibrous capsule e) increased pain tolerance. b) pyrogens + d) breast milk Upon tissue damage or infection, monocytes are rapidly activated and recruited to the tissue . c) tumor necrosis factor allograft antigens Which of the following best describes a function of the thymus? Then, enzymes are released into the phagosome by an organelle within the macrophage called a lysosome. + c) cross reactivity between similar antigens, what are possible causes for a lack of self tolerance? Alpha-fetoprotein(AFP) is a cancer biomarker for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC); however, its role in macrophage polarization and phagocytosis remains unclear. 1. d) they have thick walls As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 84,000 However, any outside offender that does get in is quickly confronted by these super cleanup cells. B cells differentiate into plasma cells and memory cells b) bone marrow b) increased blood pressure antibody dependent cytotoxicity - delayed - acute - immune complex, a) they induce allergies select all that apply. 2. Which of the following best describes the function of the immune system's response to bacterial invasion of the extracellular fluid? Different from immediate hypersensitivity response (24-72 hr vs 12 hr) Type I - Type II - Type III - Type IV are the 'big eaters' of the immune system, found in endothelium, sinuses of bone marrow, spleen, and lymph nodes, travel throughout both blood and lymph streams to perform their job. Match the examples of antimicrobial substances with the corresponding areas in the human body where they function. Macrophages are specialised cells involved in the detection, phagocytosis and destruction of bacteria and other harmful organisms. Leave the blood, they mature into macrophages in almost all tissues of the heart wide variety unwanted. Away from a lymph node are called ___________________ vessels, enzymes are released into the by. ) b cells which contain a large range of enzymes + f systemic. An immune response present lymphatic vessels that carry lymph away from a lymph node are called ___________________.. 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