But Wood's name never made it into the history books. Brandon kept a diary of his Texas sojourn which is probably held today by a family descendant. how Texas has been over stated. Brandon kept her enslaved on a cotton plantation until well after the war. 468 Filed Under: Mississippi Natchez Natchez They carried cane knives (used . Historic house in Mississippi, United States, U.S. National Register of Historic Places, National Register of Historic Places listings in Adams County, Mississippi, The Clarion-Ledger: Historic house donated to Natchez foundation, Official website for Brandon Hall Plantation, History of the National Register of Historic Places, List of U.S. National Historic Landmarks by state, List of jails and prisons on the National Register of Historic Places, University and college buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places, National Register of Historic Places portal, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brandon_Hall_(Washington,_Mississippi)&oldid=1090743436, Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Mississippi, National Register of Historic Places in Adams County, Mississippi, Articles using NRISref without a reference number, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 31 May 2022, at 03:54. I am aware of the hands that built it, and the literal blood, sweat, and tears that entailed. Many of the slaves had been forgotten to the world until the Virginia Historical Society received a $100,000 grant to pore over some of its 8 million unpublished manuscripts letters, diaries, ledgers, books and farm documents from Virginians dating to the 1600s and began discovering the long-lost identities of the slaves, said society president and CEO Paul Levengood. (That route is supported by a notation on page 5 of his journal showing that he paid a toll at Neches on July 21.). Then, in 1878, jurors ruled that Ward should pay Wood for her enslavement. By the 1850s, the interstate slave trade was booming, and the Whites saw dollar signs whenever they thought of Wood. appreciated. The Liberator: A Weekly Newspaper Devoted to the Cause of Good Government and the Advancement of the American Negro, Los Angeles, California, 29 November 1912, page 5. A historical society in Virginia, where slavery began in the American colonies in 1619, has discovered the identities of 3,200 slaves from unpublished private documents, providing new. Chilly weather. Begins September 15 entry. Begins August 24 entry: no beef as yet now for four days. Slaves dissatisfied. Reflections on number of slaves he has brought: I am now content & feel if I can take care of what I have, I shall do very well., Doesnt like to hire out, & to feed them in idleness, they will soon eat their heads off. Learns of a meeting of locals for resolutions on refugees and the some 1000 or 1500 negroes moved into the region. Someone offers to speak up in Brandons defense, as mine looked clean & orderly. Williams has sent a ham, bucket of butter, & three water mellons. Begins August 29 entry: demands from persons wanting to hire negroes.. Two days earlier, the jury had watched as Wood took the stand; her son, Arthur, who lived in Chicago, was in the courtroom. Arrival of Jim and Middleton, and Sanford was behind with 58 negroes & some stock. Jim and Brandon go to see Oliver Carter to try and rent his place on the Brassos. No rental, but he gets corn. Yet Wood v. Ward did not set a sweeping legal precedent. See Gerard Brandon, The Brandon Family, ed. Smithsonian magazine participates in affiliate link advertising programs. In the same tax rolls is a J. In 1969, civil rights leader James Forman issued a manifesto calling on churches and synagogues to pay half a billion dollars in reparations to black Americans. Known as the Robintation Tree, it is said to have been quite feared by the slaves of the plantation. See, Trinity River (specific place illegible, but may be Madisonville) (possibly by July 22, when he paid $28 for a ferry, according to page 5 of the journal), qq Transcribe relevant portions of Texas diary, qq Go through probate records on Ancestry. The corn we sold yesterday brought 3.15$ per barrel. I cant quite tell my age, Wood recalled in a newspaper interview in 1876, but she knew she was born enslaved to the Tousey family between 1818 and 1820. More information can also be found at brandonhallplantation.com. Today, the opulent residence, which was . The sale included 1,514 7 /10 acres and a town lot and buildings in Mt Pleasant. On November 15** went ot hear a Mr. My father gave $25. On July 1, 1863, just days before the U.S. Army arrived to free thousands of people around Natchez, Brandon, determined to defy emancipation, forced some 300 slaves to march 400 miles to Texas,. In the eyes of Kentucky law, Wood was a slave. The Brandons were harvesters of cotton, sugarcane, and indigo and owned 700 slaves. Brandon Hall in Natchez, MS was built by Gerard Brandon and his wife Charlotte (Hoggatt). A NCGenWeb Special Project Documented Slave Plantations of North Carolina is a comprehensive database of various plantations derived from a variety of information mediums. Researching a slaveholder's genealogy can be a time-consuming task, but fortunately, there are many genealogies for South Carolina slaveholders . Plantations in Mississippi In addition to the plantation name and owner, the date the county was formed is also shown. She was suing him for $20,000 in reparations. Copyright 2019 Smithsonian Institution. Wood spent the next several years performing domestic work around Cincinnati. A native Kentuckian who had recently moved to Covington, just across the Ohio River from Cincinnati, Ward became a deputy sheriff in 1853. Wood secretly told her story to a sympathetic innkeeper who followed her to Lexington, where a lawsuit was filed on her behalf asserting that she was free. Loundon Co. Duncan, Patricia B. Abstracts of Loudoun County Virginia Register of Free Negroes 1844-1861.Willow Bend Books, Westminster Maryland, 2000. The Prospect Hill Plantation is without a doubt one of the most historically significant sites in the state. In the 1860 census, a 43-year-old Gerard Brandon is listed as a farmer in Adams County, Mississippi. Whether she succeeded in that quest is unknown but she did find a lawyer, Harvey Myers. Wards lawyers stalled, claiming that her failed antebellum suit for freedom proved his innocence. All they needed was someone to do the dirty work of enslaving her again. Harriss said many architectural features were kept true to the original design when the house was renovated in the mid-1980s, apart from closets, bathrooms, and the closed in porch. Slave traders met the demand by buying slaves in Virginia, Kentucky, and Maryland and selling them in the cotton states. 1842 wing of the residence. She spent the first nights of her captivity locked inside two roadside inns. Her captors destination was Lexington, Kentucky, where prices for slaves had risen in tandem with the Southern cotton economy. It is currently used as a successful wedding venue and bed & breakfast. Two of Brandons brothers were killed in battle, one at Chancellorsville and one at Fredricksburg (p.329). 1850 - According to the District Census, Boone Hall was producing 4,000,000 bricks per year using 85 slaves . Brandon Plantation, one of the nation's oldest working farms along the James River in Prince George County, was sold to a family in Florida for $17.8 million. Some counties mentioned in Brandons diary, cropped from Texas County Map (1860), Vicksburg veterans continue their critiques of planters who stay at home to take care of our negroes. They hoped to hear of evry planter there losing everything they had, for they had done but little to deserve success.. It wasnt until she returned to Mississippi with Brandon in 1866 that she gained her freedom; she continued to work for Brandon, now promised a salary of $10 a month, but she would say she was never paid. Grain and food were raised for local use. Horse foundered, took him to Middletons camp. about opposition to refugees, particularly if they had much property, and the slogan rich mans war & the poor mans fight. Another refugee who had fenced up a spring. Eats well on the road. The whole country bleeds and is in mourning. H. Weir of Centerville, who hit me a dig.. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Unsure of his next steps, whether to visit home and be on the dodge all the time, the great fear I have is being sent to a northern prison.. I whippped him a little. Anthony has the money. Boone Hall was built on the backs of black slaves, who harvested cotton and pecans and produced brick on its grounds. Headed back to TX today using same route Brandon took with slaves, including Wood, in 1863. whole race. Inside, behind the handsomely recessed main entrance, were parlor rugs from the Orient, services of English silver, mantels of the finest Italian marble and great pier mirrors from France., Since the 1860 slave schedule was not searchable at the time, the page numbers are provided for the Mississippi and Louisiana slave schedules., The affidavit says that on the 1st of July, 1863, the pending war, and the exigencies of the times compelled his hasty departure from this state for the state of Texas, where he was detained until February 1864. One half illegible. After Brandon pursued several possible places to rent in Texas, Joseph S. Able, a resident of Robertson County, offered Brandon a place on his land with 300 acres in cultivation 2 cabins & corn on the ground as well as use of a mill. The search for enslaved ancestors requires research in the records of slaveholding families. Old Mr. S. Turner bought Jane and children. Now, she watched nervously as the 12 jurors returned to their seats. Notations on page 5 of his pocketbook indicate that on July 1, he first paid $140 for a ferry at Quitmans (a reference to a contemporary place in Adams County known as Quitmans Landing and referred to in papers and military records of that time; it was north of Natchez). Slavery was eventually abolished at the conclusion of the Civil War in 1865. Sanford has gone to Monroe, returned about the 1st, and the authorities say I have not had any negroes in their hands. Hears that the Yankees had not molested anyone in our neighborhood, & all were getting on pretty well. Sanford saw a family wash their feet in the skillet in which they had cooked their supper! Main house has an 18 foot wide grand entrance hall, 7 bedrooms and 7 baths, (one 1/2 bath), wet bar, commercial kitchen, elevator, fireplaces, large floored attic, basement apartment and copper roof. The society Saturday held the first of four community workshops on how to use the online database at the organizations headquarters in Richmond, Virginia. Slaves from West Africa were first brought over to grow rice. It reaches across all of the slave South, Levengood said. At some point during those hellish days, Wood gave birth to Arthur, whose father is unknown. Zebulon Ward was their man. Fortunately for this country the institution of slavery has passed away, he had instructed the jurors, and we should not bring our particular ideas of the legality or morality of an institution of that character into Court or the jury-box. He had cautioned the jurors against an excessive award, claimingfalselythat many former slaveholders already regretted slavery. Theyll be able to take it and grow from that.. "I sowed the cotton, hoed the cotton, and picked the cotton. It once belonged to Captain Isaac Ross, who freed his slaves at the time of his death. Begins November 2 & 3 entry, attends a public sale of someones effects. While Wood received $2,500 as compensation for more than 16 years of unpaid labor, her former enslaver, Ward, left an estate worth at least $600,000 when he died in 1894, a multimillionaire in today's terms. In 1833 Chew sold the property to Nathaniel Hoggatt, a successful planter whose daughter Charlotte inherited the land after his death. 163, Probate Court, Adams County, Miss.) erath county rant and rave; springfield, mo jail inmates; essex county hospital center jobs; blanching vs non blanching erythema; star trek next generation cast salaries Contact the agent for information. Not only business operations and day-to-day labor routines, but family affairs, the roles of women, racial attitudes, relations between masters and slaves, social and cultural life, the values shared by members of the planter class, and Copyright 2023, The plantation, founded in 1681, is one of the oldest working plantations in the US. All rights reserved. Cookie Settings, Illustration by Cliff Alejandro; Source material: W. Caleb McDaniel; NYPL (3), Subscribe to Smithsonian magazine now for just $12, Sweet Taste of Liberty: A True Story of Slavery and Restitution in America, Dried Lake Reveals New Statue on Easter Island. The Robertson County Tax Rolls for 1865 show G. Describes the Brazos (he appears to spell as Brassos) as a little, crooked, muddy [? The study found 3,777 Negro slave owners in the United States. Ella Brandon Stantons daughter, Charlotte Brandon (1866-1936), married Dunbar Surget Merrill. CNNs Athena Jones reported from Richmond, Virginia and Michael Martinez contributed from Los Angeles. Discovered that several men (Isaac, [Matt] & Charley) had been in the hog business, cost me $30 (noted in ledger on p.9, Brandons page 14); medicine scarce; Oh! Varina Banks Howell, dau of William & Margaret Howell, married Jefferson Davis on Feb 26, 1845 in the parlor of The Briars. Today, many reparations advocates look to legislation, targeting governments for their complicity in slavery and white supremacy. This site should be used for informational and entertainment purposes only. Lee Hall Plantation: Richard Decatur Lee : 371159N 763432W : 72001510 : Lexington Plantation: George Mason V : 383838N 771156W . For them, the money Henrietta Wood demanded for her enslavement made a long-lasting difference. Carter said the original documents digitized on the site will help her uncover more of her own familys history in Virginia, as well as help her students learn about the era. The ghost of a woman whose fiance died before they could be . The Boone Hall Plantation, located in Mt. He feels they are ungrateful even though he has done all he could to make them comfortable, I wont say satisfied. Wishes Poole had them on a place where had full work for them, could make them feel tired at night, & where others observed discipline, he might get along very well. His enslaved people have a wide freedom of movement at night, in a land where most of the people have no slaves, & have never been used to them, & where many say they want one for company. He fears how Poole will get along when I am gone. He will leave strict laws. Begins September 6 entry, awakened again at night by the cry of dogs & the yelling of men., Able reports a runaway, disputes over stolen money and trading done by Bill. If he followed the road from San Augustine to Crockett pictured on Texas Map (1865), then he likely passed through Nacogdoches as well. Born into bondage in Kentucky, Wood testified, she had been granted her freedom in Cincinnati in 1848, but five years later she was kidnapped by Ward, who sold her, and she ended up enslaved on a Texas plantation until after the Civil War. 1841, d. 1859 in the, Elizabeth Elmina C. Ella Brandon (b. Arranges situation for Phoebe.11 Feels gloomy, homesick. It was four years after the Confederate surrender before Wood was able to return up the river, where she tried to locate long-lost members of her family in Kentucky. ) If some of the enslaved people owned by James Brandon were also taken to Texas by Gerard, it is possible that this is the woman referred to in the journal, who would have been a teenager at the time. The house was built c. 1765 by . The society stores the documents in an archive spanning thousands of square feet, he said. Then the crops of choice became cotton and indigo. Her official freedom papers, at a courthouse in Cincinnati, had been destroyed in an 1849 fire, and her kidnappers had confiscated her personal copy. Visit our corporate site at https://futureplc.comThe Week is a registered trade mark. Future US LLC, 10th floor, 1100 13th Street NW, Washington, DC 20005. Not everyone agreed with the verdict, but the facts of her horrific story were widely accepted as credible. Eats water melons at Joness, drinks a mint julep, has dinner with good soup & a peach cobbler. On Monday (August 17?) This article originally appeared in Smithsonian Magazine. Ward planned to make Wood the latest victim of this trade, but she resolved to fight. These slaves hadn't been disguised as 'servants . According to scarborough2003, p.432, Brandon owned 706 enslaved people on plantations in Adams County (512), Concordia Parish (113) and Tensas Parish (81) in the 1860 Census, making him the tenth largest slaveholder in Scarboroughs sample for 1860, even though he does not appear on Scarboroughs sample of planters with over 500 slaves in 1850. "Fortunately for this country the institution of slavery has passed away," he had instructed the jurors, "and we should not bring our particular ideas of the legality or morality of an institution of that character into Court or the jury-box." they are the dirtiest people I ever saw or heard of & come nigher living out doors than any others., Begins November 27 entry. Most slaves were by their owners design and eventually by law forbidden to learn how to read and write, so they didnt leave us material that so many figures in the past did, Levengood said. The Unknown No Longer: A Database of Virginia Slave Names website is the first online resource listing slaves names across all of slaveholding Virginia, the nations oldest state which had the largest enslaved population, numbering a half million people, at the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861, society officials said. Living very poor. His travels for land continue. Phoebe is living with a good family for her food and clothing only. Property is 45 acres and one of the few private driveways directly off the Natchez Trace Parkway. All Rights Reserved. List of troubles: screw wormshow many of them there are. Visits another refugee family, hears some incidents they had heard of the occupation of Natchez. Legal trouble with Hughes.12 Talks to lawyer A. In the 1890s another formerly enslaved woman, Callie House, led a national organization pressuring the government for ex-slave pensions. In the 1870 census, a 52-year-old Gerard Brandon is listed as a planter in Adams County, Mississippi. A couple walks through the grounds of the Boone Hall Plantation in Mount Pleasant, South Carolina. When the United States banned the importation of slaves after 1807, Virginia became the largest provider in the nations internal slave trade, Levengood said. She was later removed from the cotton fields and put to work in Brandon's house. The advanced search fields include the slaves first name or last name; gender; occupation; owners last name; date range; and record type. When he died in 1951, after a long career as a lawyer, he left behind a large clan of descendants who were able to launch professional careers of their own, even as redlining and other racially discriminatory practices put a chokehold on the South Side neighborhoods where they lived. After years of trials and tribulations, a group of 300 of Ross' slaves were transported to Africa, where they founded Liberia. CNN Sans & 2016 Cable News Network. They also said that Ward's alleged crimes had occurred too far in the past a recurring argument against reparations. When possible, I have also noted the dates of Brandons entries. Brandon Hall Plantation, west side. Descendants identify the man in this photograph, found on Ancestry.com, as Brandon. Drayton Hall's African American history interpretation began with Richmond Bowens, who was descended from enslaved African Americans at Drayton Hall. 5-11: a debit and credit ledger for the trip; debits begin on 5 (numbered by Brandon as 7) and then are carried over on 8 through 11, with a final total (summed by me from Brandons subtotals) of $19,145.60 in expenses by February 2; credits begin page 6 (numbered by Brandon as 8) and then continue on 13 to 14, where a final total made by Brandon on February 2 shows $10,168.25 in credits, Begin August 1863 entry. That story began two centuries ago with Wood's birth in northern Kentucky. The trial began only after eight years of litigation, leaving Wood to wonder if she would ever get justice. In the 1890s another formerly enslaved woman, Callie House, led a national organization pressuring the government for ex-slave pensions. 1800 kitchen/slave house with its unusual extended cornice. Goes Friday to see after some negroes I had hired in Falls Co. Stays with H. L. Bennett. 1845, d. 1909), Charlotte Lottie Brandon (b. But Woods name never made it into the history books. She has learned to weave and is well satisfied your brother[-in-law] says. See Gerard B. Rickey and Alan C. Rayne, ed., I Will Write if I Have to Use a Stick: Letters from HomeCornelia Jane Shields Letters to her Children, 1864-1865 (University Park, Tex. With help from his mothers court-ordered compensation, Arthur bought a house, started a family and paid for his own schooling. Begins December 24 entry. Documents citing slaves go back to the 1690s: Thats when slavery starts to grow fast in Virginia and other English colonies, Levengood said. She was soon sold again, to a French immigrant, William Cirode, who took her to New Orleans. S. Able who owns 3500 acres on the John Welch and Joseph Welch grants.6, This confirms that Brandon settled most of the enslaved people he brought to Texas in the northwestern corner of Robertson County, somewhere between Hammond and the Brazos River.7. His wife Charlotte (age 49) and his children Mary (15) and Charles (5) are listed as fellow members of the household. The mill is out of fix, & too bad to get up a beef and all hands are on short rations. Thoughts of home. Educator and interpreter Joseph McGill founded the Slave Dwelling Project as a living history lesson. But Gerard Rickey notes in an email from November 23, 2016, that there is also a Henrietta mentioned in the memoir of James Brandons son Gerard Brandon (the nephew of the GB who owned Henrietta Wood). Her captors' destination was Lexington, Kentucky, where prices for slaves had risen with the Southern cotton economy. Thats when you have to be creative.. The land on which Brandon Hall now stands first passed into private ownership as a royal grant from the Spanish King Carlos III in 1788. More on Mandys child. the joint wedding of Hoster's daughter Catelyn to Brandon Stark, eldest son and heir of Lord Rickard of Winterfell, and Lord Rickard's daughter Lyanna to Robert Baratheon, Lord of Storm's End. Begin August 20 entry. Ancestry places birth on December 5, 1864., See also this genealogy page and the Gerard Brandon children website., See Steven Brooke, The Majesty of Natchez (Gretna, La. It is, rather, a living reminder of the truth of the Black experience during the time of slavery. The Agricultural census of 1860 shows 250 improved acres, 450 unimproved, valued at $10,000. Brandon and Middleton travelling. Cookie Policy Discovery Company. Home All Old Houses Plantation 1856 Brandon Hall In Natchez Mississippi. See Goodspeeds Biographical and Historical Memoirs of Mississippi, vol. herculoids gloop and gleep sounds My thanks to Gerard Rickey for the affidavit, which is also cited in Gerard B. Rickey and Alan C. Rayne, eds., I Will Write if I have to Use a Stick: Letters from HomeCornelia Jane Shields Letters to Her Children, 1864-1865 (University Park, Tex. Finally, they announced a verdict that few expected: "We, the Jury in the above entitled cause, do find for the plaintiff and assess her damages in the premises at Two thousand five hundred dollars.". Brandon Hall Plantation, built ca 1856 by Gerard Brandon, U.S. 61, Washington. Absence of farm animals on the list indicates strongly oriented cotton plantation. Wood secretly told her story to a sympathetic innkeeper who followed her to Lexington, where a lawsuit was filed on her behalf asserting that she was free. The money Henrietta Wood demanded for her food and clothing only planter there losing everything they had much property and! 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