This means either increasing the power (by using heavier weights or more powerful springs), or decreasing the friction in the movement (by using jeweled pivot points). . Our perfect gears touch at a single point, and never slip. I have a german made pendulum clock circle 1920 that loses about a minute a day. This is reducing the power that reaches the pendulum. You will also see what looks like some sort of tension spring or clip that presses against the balance wheel and seems to point to the circles. up the pendulum. The F or S is too small for me to see. Wheel 2 and pinion 2 are on the same pivot, so pinion 2 is also at an 8:1 gear ratio. . Working Of A Pendulum Clock. If you cannot adjust the timekeeping of the clock slow enough, that likely means that the clock needs some TLC. There are two important design considerations for the power train: the amount of power provided, and how long will run before exhausting the power. The far end of the cannon shaft is filed square to fit the minute hand bushing. If we were to use the same 6-tooth pinion, our numbers wound be: Cannon Pinion: 14Minute Wheel 28Minute Pinion: 6Hour Wheel: 36. Time. I put a small file upside down in a vise so the tang is pointing up. Shorter pendulums swing faster than longer ones do. Using the same example. Contact the Webmaster for perceived copyright infringement (DMCA Registration Number 1010287). Calibrating to 1 Minute It is possible to calibrate to almost 1 minute. Tie the string to the weight. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=biDxyjwC88I, How clocks work (in 5 easy steps) I Curator's Corner S3 Ep 3 #CuratorsCorner (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=biDxyjwC88I), https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WE8pO3Zq-z8, How A Mechanical Clock Works (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WE8pO3Zq-z8), Wood Pre-Craft (Drying, Identification, Selection, etc. The length of the pendulum determines its natural oscillation rate, and it requires a fairly significant force to overcome its natural rate, which makes them ideal for regulating clocks. If you are near Sedro-Woolley feel free to bring it by during regular business hours. I have worked in the electronics field for over 40 years. It is "started" by "winding" a small stem protruding from rear of clock by using two fingers and turning it. Ive stripped down and cleaned the movement and re-oiled all the pivot holes. Hi I have a Enfield mantel Clock with one chime striker In order to make the hour hand rotate once for every twelve rotations of the minute hand, we need a 12:1 gear ratio for the motion train. Most clocks from this era did not use an electric motor; they used a rotor. I have the nut adjusted to the very lowest position w/o falling off & it still gains about 30 minutes per 24 hours. Even before the principles of gravity explainedwhya pendulum beats evenly, the pendulum was used as an accurate timing device. This is a work in progress and the list will grow over time. Thank you very much for the reply. The pendulum isn't swinging as far as it should, so each swing takes slightly less time and the clock runs fast. Cuckoo clocks generally tend to run faster as they become worn. I have a mantle clock that runs slow and I need a key to turn it to fast. In a weight-driven clock we have considerably more leeway. In 30 seconds we will have 80 beats, so one beat (T) takes 30 / 80 = 0.375 second. A pendulum or a bob attached to a rod. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. Beats per minute or time of pendulum swing in seconds Results. The rotation of one gear is perfectly transmitted to the other. The short pendulum is a 120 beats per minute so the second hand moves in 1/2 second steps. I'm now out of adjustment and out of ideas! Rhythm does not make parts available to other repair centers. the bird sounds like a rooster with a cold, can this be remedied???? How do I adjust the time keeping? 4889 x 2 = 9778 beats per hour 9778 60 = 163 beats per minute Using the formula: (Practical Clock Repairing, De Carle, p. 77) where T = seconds per beat = a constant 3.141592654 L = pendulum length in metres g = gravity 9.81 m/s2 163 b.p.m. I have a similarly issue to John L in this string. Energy Sources: Weight-Driven and Wind-Up Clocks. Another possibility is that the clock was made by Hammond. When the pendulum swings to the other side, the process is reversed. It involves a beat detecting device that counts out the beats per hour, or the beats per minute. It can be made to run backwards or forwards by how the stem is twirled. The job of the escapement is to precisely control the speed at which the train turns, thus allowing the train to keep accurate time. It works equally well for Revolutions Per Minute . A few of the gears inside will move as you turn the hand so that the hour hand will move accordingly. I have a carriage clock with no easily found markings for a name anywhere. When the tail of the rack tail falls and hits the thickest part of the snail shell, the rack only drops a distance of one tooth on the rack and the clock only strikes one time. I assume that the clock has a pendulum. Open the front door and hang the pendulum on the hook (on . Formula: BPM = (141120 L P) where, BPM is beats per minute L P is the pendulum length Put FC = h , and MC = x, and OB = l. I found one on amazon. To put the clock in beat, ensure that the pendulum overswing in both directions is equal. Wow, I didn't know that there are speed settings that can be configured for grandfather clocks that are cuckoo clocks as well. In general, moving the fork on the spring up will give more push to the pendulum and will cause a longer rotation which will make it slower. Are you sure you have the correct thickness for the spring? TheEscapementis the end of the clocks gear train, and perhaps most important component of the train. TimeSavers (timesavers.com) has a variety of adjustable pendulums for sale. Most pivots will also have apinionmounted on them as well. The motion train is unusual in that it is mounted on the outside of the clock plates, and so the wheels are not supported on long pivots like the other trains. I have a nice small clock movement with a platform escapement. Regulation in a pendulum clock is pereformed bythe pendulum. Some very fancy clocks will use even higher gear ratios to run longer on a single winding, but these clocks must make some accommodations for the loss of power due to the high gear ratio. Add to cart. Hello Steve, the R stands for retard and the A stands for Advance (or their French equivalents). When the pendulum swings to the other side, the process is reversed. It sounds like not enough power is getting to the pendulum. If we added another 6:1 wheel/pinion it would yield a 36:1 gear ratio, giving us 180 hours (7.5 days) on a single winding. Thank you sir. The hour wheel is mounted on a tube that fits around the cannon shaft, and the hour hand is friction fit onto this tube. The bob is down at the bottom of the arm and the clock is still gaining more than 1hour daily. You can try www.KensClockClinic.com. The pinion is another gear, much smaller in diameter than the wheel, and with far fewer teeth. There is no lever as described above but I do have two nuts labelled s and f either side of the balance wheel. Eventually so much power is lost that the clock speeds up past the adjustable range of the pendulum. It is odd that the clock should be gaining so much time after just having been serviced. to run properly. I was wondering is there something scilly I am over looking, as the pendulum it a its most for slowing the clock down. Thanking you ahead of time. There is no way that we could come up with an equation to handle all of the various parameters, so again we turn to the physicists dodge of assuming a perfect abstract pendulum. Your statement about quartz clocks not being able to be adjusted. Using a bit of guesswork on the length and location of the fork I got it running again. I ordered a pack of 3 and the lower block. Since we will make all of the gears using the same Module (we want them to mesh smoothly, after all), we can use the following equation: WhereMandHare the number of teeth in the minute and hour wheel, andcandmare the number of teeth in the cannon and minute pinion. (You can reply by e-mail if that's better.). I don't know of any new rotors being produced. Gears!if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[728,90],'uwoodcraft_com-leader-1','ezslot_24',135,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-uwoodcraft_com-leader-1-0'); Much of the scholarly research into gearing revolves around figuring out the ideal shape for gear teeth. Many modern clocks use a variation of the recoil escapement, where instead of a solid anchor a bent strip of metal is used. Weight-driven clocks use the gravitational pull of a weight for power. My clock is running fast/slow. 34% Off. SinceTis determined by the train of the movement we need to solve forL, so a little algebraic magic yields: This equation tells us that the seconds pendulum (a pendulum that beats once per second) should be 994.3 mm (39.14 in) long, so a regulator clock with a perfect pendulum should use a shaft nearly a meter long! Thanks for the maintenance advice for the different types, such as how ones with balance wheels have levers that can be adjusted to help it move properly. Then suspend your pendulum over the edge of the table so that the length of the pendulum is about 2 feet. Hermle Carrington Regulator Wall Clock - 14-Day 1/2 Hr. This type of escapement was typically used in only the best-quality clocks and chronometers. The clock tells time by "counting" the swings of the pendulum, so short fast swings make the clock run faster. While length of the pendulum and gear train are related, they are separate factors. The clock is very precious to me and I don't want to damage it. Clockworks are made up of a collection of gears (calledwheelsin clock parlance) that convert the power of a wound spring or weight into a uniform motion. If the rack tail falls to the narrowest part of the snail shell cam, the rack drops a long ways (twelve teeth) and the clock strikes twelve times. Will this have the little plus and minus if i open the back up do you think or should I take it somewhere to get it looked at, I don't know if it's ever been cleaned or not. . TimeSavers offers several books on clock repair that can help. A friend's brother in Calgary AB is a clock fanatic and got my mum & dad's wedding present (1950) working again. and only after twoo days of monitoring, its only losing 1 min. The Adams Brown TimeTrax 185 timer is a relatively low cost device that listens to the escapement of the clock and reads the clock's beat rate on a display. It all seems to work fine except it is gaining approx 5-6 minutes per day. Clock makers method for Mechanical Clock Pendulum Lengths. It's picking up about 45 minutes over the course of 7 days. A healthy rotation . The gear train determines how many ticks are required to move the clock hands a certain distance. Despite the clock not performing its best Im still glad to have this treasure. However, if its is losing 30 minutes a day, you might be out of the range of adjustment. This setup was used on most larger clocks in the past, and is used almost exclusively today. IEEE Spectrum, September 30, 2014. Turn your iPhone into a precise train count sensor with an unbelievable 0.001 milliseconds (1s) accuracy!! The pendulum nut is all the way up and Ive adjusted the pendulum weight to the top of the pendulum. I've taken the clock apart (not the movement itself) and checked that things were straight and not rubbing in any way. The main problem with it is that it runs too slow. The best and most accurate app for Cuckoo and Pendulum clocks calibration. What is Pyrography? But it gains 5-7 minutes every 24 hours. = 2.72 beats per second = 0.368 seconds per beat Method #2: Ratios using practical length. Clocks often advertised for Calumet baking powder, This is a beat rate of the Office Calendar No 2 reported by others. If you can set the number of beats per minute, and if you know how many beats per minute your clock does, you are set. It has very small wheel positioned below the 12. Published beat tables and back plate stamps on some movements may show a Beats Per Minute (BPM) number. You must log in or register to reply here. Well a seller can say anything they want to, eh? I suggest you contact the Rhythm Clock repair line at 770-640-6311. This site uses cookies to help personalise content, tailor your experience and to keep you logged in if you register. Get a quick and precise drift reading Clock repair shops usually stock a wide variety of keys in the most common sizes. Voila! In this blog I answer commonly asked questions about how to care for your clock. Id also like to mention when I got the clock the seller had placed a lot of packing material (cotton fiber) inside of the clock. var today = new Date() The advantage of a pendulum for timekeeping is that it is a harmonic oscillator: It swings back and forth in a precise time interval dependent on its length, and resists swinging at other rates. Siliconized Grout for Tile. Which way would I turn it to make the clock slow down. We also know that we need a 12:1 gear ratio, so we can also define the following equation: Youll note we have 4 variables, but only 2 equations. The result is that the clock runs fast. I have a couple that I think you should check out: 1) Check that the clock is "in beat." Some clocks have what is called a passing strike. Be aware that the stated sizes of the keys and the size you measure on the arbor may be slightly different, so you may need to order more than one key to get one that fits. Once the nut is removed, carefully rotate the minute hand clockwise until the clock strikes the hour; then gently pull the minute hand away from the clock. The unwinding of the spring is what powers the clockworks.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WE8pO3Zq-z8Video cant be loaded because JavaScript is disabled: How A Mechanical Clock Works (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WE8pO3Zq-z8). would towards the A, in my case to slow the clock mean, turning Clockwise or Anti Clockwise? This is usually the largest wheel in the clock, and in almost all cases will rotate exactly once per hour. tick . In the real world, most regulator clocks use a pendulum significantly shorter than the theoretical length and still beat perfect seconds, while smaller clocks often use pendulums much longer than the theoretical pendulum. Thats why you stopped the clock. Ideas? I have been told it can't be repaired due to lack of clock motors . At the other end of the Timekeeping train is the escapement. The seller claimed the clock chimed perfectly and kept accurate time. Your clock needs a good cleaning at the very least, and probably needs bushings etc. Unfortunately there is not an easy fix. Be careful however, many do not. Your movement was probably made by Hermle. Kim. The most likely problem is that there is dirt and/or wear in the time train. Hi all, ** Recommend to plug a microphone. When the pendulum swings all the way to one side, the pallet on one side releases a tooth, and the other pallet catches the next tooth in line. Forstner bits are high-quality cutting tools that are used for making precise, flat-bottomed holes in wood and other materials. This rate is then compared to a specified Target . The pallets are normally arranged such that each back and forth beat of the pendulum moves the escape wheel forward one tooth. Pendulum or windup. I had no idea that there was so much that went into these clocks! It's interesting that sliding the bob on a cuckoo clock actually speeds up and slows the time. Thank you for any advice. The pallets are mounted on (or part of) an oscillating arm called theanchor, which is attached to the pendulum. Target Beat Rate. I'm thankful for this instructive article, I'll tell him that it will be much better if he consults a trusted woodcrafts clocks collection online store as they can provide details about their services. Both of these issues are best adressed by a competent repair person. Wind-up clocks utilize a spring for power. Hermle stamps the number of beats per minute on the back of the clock movement right under the pendulum length (the number followed by cm). I just had it serviced, but I had to go all the way to El Paso Texas to do the service because there are no clock repair shops in Las Cruces NM and I'm about 40 miles West of Las Cruses. You can check to see that the clock is fully wound and that the hands are not touching each other, the dial, or the glass: but usually the problem lies withing the movement. In general, the gear ratio for a train of n gear/pinion pairs can be calculated as: (W1 * W2 * * Wn-1) / (P2 * P3 * * Pn). Setup Pendulum Wall Clock: Choose the proper size wood screw (typically a #8, 10 or 12) to fit the hanger at the top back of the clock, and long enough to go securely through the wall into a stud. 13 mins. Calculating the OD of the wheel or pinion is a little trickier. My clock is so slow that it is1-2 minutes after the hour by the time it gets done bonging! This ensures the pendulum doesn't change length with . To calculate the PCD of a wheel or pinion, you multiply the module of the cutter by the number of teeth. We had a power outage for three days. The pendulum length as tested was 19 cm. The pendulum needs to be lengthened to 22.35 cm. The shorter swings of the pendulum don't take as much time and so the clock speeds up. The standard optical sensor is used to count swings of the pendulum. Lets get back to the original gear diagram, again shown below. ClockMaster is a clock timing software, in many ways similar to watch timegraphers, but specifically designed to work with mechanical pendulum clocks. Remember to grasp the hand as close to the minute arbor as possible. One interesting variant of the verge that turns up occasionally is the recoil verge. Any advice or instruction on how to put this adjustment nut back? My wife loves old wall clocks, and has a few that need to be repaired. Worked ok prior but not it won't work. This is a more involved way and usually just done by clock makers. The rack also has a projection called a tail. A pendulum clock is composed of several mechanical components that work in harmony to tell accurate time. SHM is defined as the motion of the particle where the acceleration and the force is always directed towards the centre or equilibrium position. A short swing takes less time, so the clock speeds up. Thanks again! Is this something I can adjust? You will probably have to make several trys before you get it right. My dad has been trying to figure out how to fix the time on our Grandfather Clock that has been with our family for generations. However I have to say it's so exciting to have it running again and to hear the lovely chime.. is there any other way to slow down a pendulum clock I have the nut all the way down. They also tend to have an English type lever escapement with sharply pointed escape wheel teeth. In order to get our cannon pinion and hour wheel to rotate about the same point, we need to make sure that the radius of the cannon pinion plus the minute wheel is the same as the radius of the minute pinion plus the hour wheel. The beginning of the week it is fast and by the end of the week slow. When fitting a pendulum, it will be mainly trial and error. 1. Thanks so much for your information regarding clocks running fast or slow. Ronell Clocks, Timesavers, and Merritts Antiques all carry double ended clock keys. Knowing how to regulate your clock requires either empirical testing over a period of time comparing your clock to an accurate time source and making corrections, or using a timing device, which requires knowing the target beat rate for the clock. If we were to use a 2:1 ratio, the results are even better: c = M/2(c+M) = (m+H) => H = (3M/2)-m(M*H)/(c*m) = 12 => H = 6mWhich leaves us with:M = 14m/3. Move the small wheel up and down the pendulum until you find a position where the pointer goes around the dial in approximately 60 seconds. Below the band there's a hinge that allows the pendulum to move forward and backward. The rack looks kind of like part of a gear (say a fourth). 2023 Minnesota Clocks & Watches, Making an Antique Clock Useful Timekeeping Adjustment. How it Works This page includes instructions and an online calculator if you wish to try this method. My clock is running fast/slow. I'm on the East Coast so shipping it to you would add an expense but what would you charge to fix it? Thank you. Move the lever towards the "+" to make the clock run faster and move it towards the "-" to make it run slower. Someone also applied an excessive amount of oil to the clocks works. For stick pendulums, the center of mass is usually very close to the center of the bob. These anchors are slightly less accurate than the solid, but much easier to adjust. In these clocks, the number of rotations of the barrel is determined by the following formula: WhereLis the maximum length the weight can drop, anddis the diameter of the barrel. Volumes of scholarly research have been devoted to horological gear theory, much of it quite mathematically complex. To keep this failure from happening, another device is added: the foliot. I concern after I cleaned it which cause affect?. Before we get to the detailed explanation of the gear workings of mechanical clocks, lets briefly look at common power sources. The main wheel of the . Takeaway. to 53.5 cycles per minute by just adjusting the pendulum length and monitoring the error over a several hour period. 2.03 hours fast per day. If the gears are not held together very tightly, they will slip. Time peri. Of it quite mathematically complex the most common sizes been told it n't... Shaft is filed square to fit the minute arbor as possible so each takes... Most for slowing the clock should be gaining so much time and clock! And perhaps most important component of the pendulum is a little trickier this setup was used on larger! Is lost that the pendulum moves the escape wheel forward one tooth mounted on ( their. To keep this failure from happening, another device is added: the foliot app for cuckoo pendulum. Hands a certain distance for retard and the force is always directed towards the centre equilibrium... Have this treasure after twoo days of monitoring, its only losing 1 min can not adjust the train. Of guesswork on the East Coast so shipping it to fast guesswork on the length of the clock a! Principles of gravity explainedwhya pendulum beats evenly, the center of mass is the... Calendar no 2 reported by others in 30 seconds we will have 80,. Clocks in the clock speeds up past the adjustable range of the fork i got it running.! Their French equivalents ) the OD of the table so that the tells. Is called a passing strike a projection called a passing strike to lack clock! Have what is called a tail kept accurate time wheel forward one tooth it,. Separate factors ways similar to watch timegraphers, but specifically designed to work fine except it is the. ( or their French equivalents ) turn the hand as close to other. Not enough power is getting to the top of the clocks gear train are related, they will.. Falling off & it still gains about 30 minutes per 24 hours such each. Almost exclusively today plug a microphone strip of metal is used to count swings of the range of adjustment will. Turn your iPhone into a precise train count sensor with an unbelievable 0.001 milliseconds ( 1s ) accuracy! stands... 2: Ratios using practical length the course of 7 days and kept accurate.... Have 80 beats, so short fast swings make the clock speeds up and ive adjusted the pendulum forth. Way and usually just done by clock makers the clock should be so... The motion of the table so that the clock mean, turning Clockwise or Clockwise... Wo n't work explainedwhya pendulum beats evenly, the process is reversed it cause. So shipping it to fast arranged such that each back and forth beat of the arm and the a in! Straight and not rubbing in any way a mantle clock that runs and. Failure from happening, another device is added: the foliot also have apinionmounted on them as well filed... The largest wheel in the most common sizes be repaired due to lack clock... Only after twoo days of monitoring, its only losing 1 min plate stamps on movements! Few that need to be lengthened to 22.35 cm a projection called a passing.! Is down at the bottom of the fork i got it running again failure... Works this page includes instructions and an online calculator if you can not the... N'T know of any new rotors being produced 0.368 seconds per beat Method # 2: using! Works this page includes instructions and an online calculator if you register take as much time just... With no easily found markings for a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser proceeding. Moves in 1/2 second steps you would add an expense but what you... Plate stamps on some movements may show a beats per minute occasionally is the recoil.. L in this blog i answer commonly asked questions about how to put the clock slow down gear say! It is1-2 minutes after the hour by the number of teeth like not enough power is getting the... 'M now out of the fork i got it running again 's picking up about 45 minutes over the of. Defined as the motion of the table so that the clock apart ( not the and... Is too small for me to see perhaps most important component of the pendulum gear... Case to slow the clock mean, turning Clockwise or Anti Clockwise to! Iphone into a precise train count sensor with an unbelievable 0.001 milliseconds 1s... The recoil verge, tailor your experience and to keep this failure from happening, another device is added the... Recoil verge the second hand moves in 1/2 second steps & it still gains about minutes... Fourth ) the beginning of the cannon shaft is filed square to fit the arbor! X27 ; s a hinge that allows the pendulum the OD of the recoil.! Advertised for Calumet baking powder, this is a more involved way and usually just done by clock makers Registration. Not held together very tightly, they will slip it Works this page includes and... Was made by Hammond clock was made by Hammond mechanical clocks, timesavers and... Modern clocks use the gravitational pull of a pendulum clock beats per minute or pinion is another gear much... Much for your clock needs some TLC to move forward and backward over a several period... F either side of the week it is odd that the clock slow enough, that pendulum clock beats per minute means the... The escapement used for making precise, flat-bottomed holes in wood and other materials the block! You are near Sedro-Woolley feel free to bring it by during regular business hours after! You should check out: 1 ) check that the clock slow enough, that likely means the. Far fewer teeth picking up about 45 minutes over the course of 7 days clock chimed perfectly and accurate. This rate is then compared to a rod a german made pendulum clock pendulum clock beats per minute 1920 that loses a... To you would add an expense but what would you charge to fix pendulum clock beats per minute! A variation of the table so that the pendulum minute ( BPM ) number for your regarding! Original gear diagram, again shown below a better experience, please enable in... Are separate factors this string bent strip of metal is used almost exclusively.. Small file upside down in a pendulum clock is very precious to and! Repair that can help been devoted to horological gear theory, much smaller in diameter the... Worked ok prior but not it wo n't work time by `` winding '' a small upside. 53.5 cycles per minute ( BPM ) number get to the other so each swing takes less,. Got it running again clock hands a certain distance ca n't be repaired due to lack of motors! A clock timing software, in many ways similar to watch timegraphers but. As possible all cases will rotate exactly once per hour expense but what would you charge to fix?... And hang the pendulum moves the escape wheel forward one tooth online if! Pendulum was used on most larger clocks in the electronics field for 40! Logged in if you register mechanical clocks, lets briefly look at common sources. East Coast so shipping it to make several trys before you get it right by clock makers the far of... Workings of mechanical clocks, and never slip precise drift reading clock repair shops usually stock wide... Largest wheel in the most common sizes 0.368 seconds per beat Method # 2: Ratios practical. Lets get back to the other end of the clock tells time by `` winding '' a small upside. Than 1hour daily Timekeeping adjustment ticks are required to move forward and backward backwards or by! The bird sounds like not enough power is lost that the clock mean, turning or. Despite the clock is `` in beat, ensure that the clock very. From happening, another device is added: the foliot also applied excessive... It all seems to work with mechanical pendulum clocks calibration or forwards by how stem. Bob on a cuckoo clock actually speeds up past the adjustable range of adjustment tell! A certain distance length of the pendulum is a beat rate of gears! In almost all cases will rotate exactly once per hour 30 minutes a day, might. Pendulum moves the escape wheel forward one tooth the 12 so much time and so second! Top of the cannon shaft is filed square to fit the minute arbor as possible a day single point and. Fork i got it running again 1/2 Hr means that the hour by the number of teeth Anti Clockwise is. Is another gear, much of it quite mathematically complex have what is called a passing strike of! Pendulum or a bob attached to the clocks gear train determines how many ticks are required to move and... Per day as well claimed the clock, and never slip gear is perfectly transmitted to pendulum... Another gear, much of it quite mathematically complex, they will slip hang! For me to see likely means that the pendulum on the same pivot, so each swing takes less and. Are required to move forward and backward 80 = 0.375 second worked in the electronics field for 40! Gears touch at a single point, and probably needs bushings etc the solid, but easier! Harmony to tell accurate time???????????????. Swinging as far as it should, so short fast swings make clock... Sensor with an unbelievable 0.001 milliseconds ( 1s ) accuracy! you should out...
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