In his original draft of the Declaration of Independence, he included a passage, subsequently deleted by the Continental Congress, blaming both the slave trade and slavery itself on George III. Among the Committee of Five charged by the Second Continental Congress with authoring the Declaration of Independence, Jefferson was the Declaration's primary author, writing it . He was an ex-captain in the US army and former consul to . Both Madison and Eston made known that they were sons of Thomas Jefferson. Get personalized recommendations, and learn where to watch across hundreds of streaming providers. While he wasnt exactly a churchgoing manthis is the man who made his own Bible by cutting out the parts he didnt likeJefferson did believe the world was created by a higher being. Whats the state fossil of Virginia? Please consider turning it on! Even worse, the antlers disappeared. ", Divided Loyalties: Benjamin and William Franklin, Monticello and the University of Virginia in Charlottesville inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1987, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Thomas Jefferson Center for Historic Plants, Exploring Freedom & The Legacies of Slavery, Memoirs & Oral Histories by Members of Monticello's Enslaved Community, Landscape of Slavery: Mulberry Row at Monticello, Getting Word African American Oral History Project, Papers of Thomas Jefferson: Retirement Series, International Center for Jefferson Studies, Jefferson's excavation of an Indian burial mound near Monticello. Jefferson was also something of a paradox. After the Library of Congress was raided by the British in 1814, Jefferson offered his personal library, which contained almost 6,500 volumes, as a replacement. When his uncle died, Hancock inherited his lucrative read more, Thomas Paine was an England-born political philosopher and writer who supported revolutionary causes in America and Europe. A Culinary Independence: Jefferson for July 4th, Life, Letters and Journals of George Ticknor, Thomas Jefferson in 1814, Being an Account of a Visit to Monticello, Virginia, Life Journals and Correspondence of Rev. GENERAL INFORMATION: Jefferson owned his own Shakespeare concordance and plenty of annotated plays, once declaring, Shakespeare must be signaled out by one who wishes to learn the full powers of the English language.. Tales of the Monticello mutts spread fast, and friends wrote Jefferson letters, asking if they could have a dog too. (He freed only five slaves, all members of the Hemings family.) French visitor to Monticello in 1796. Take Thomas Jefferson for instance. He believed that the American Revolution represented a clean break with the past and that the United States should reject all European versions of politicaldiscipline and resist efforts to create a strong central governmental authority. This work could have adult content. Psychiatrists from Duke University claim that Jefferson suffered from social phobia, but whatever the cause, Jefferson was undoubtedly one of the quietest politicians to ever work in the White House. [10] Known throughout the States as a wine connoisseur, Jefferson advised presidents George Washington,John Adams,James Madison, andJames Monroeon the best wines for executive functions. Preheat oven to 325F. However, due to the significant debt the former president had accumulated during his life, his mansion, furnishing and enslaved people were sold at auction following his death. Jefferson immediately wrote his friends for help, and the governor of New Hampshire knew a hunter whod recently bagged a behemoth. This didnt sit well with US Ambassador to France Thomas Jefferson. However, Jefferson was a strict disciplinarian. The public assertion of this relationship was originally made in 1802 by a disreputable journalist interested in injuring Jeffersons political career. In 1762, Jefferson graduated from the College of William and Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia, where he reportedly enjoyed studying for 15 hours, then practicing violin for several more hours on a daily basis. Bake 1 1/2 hours. This is the third in a series of TPR exclusive interviews with TJ Plunkitt, a direct descendent of the infamous George Washington Plunkitt, the sachem of Tammany Hall, which was, by all accounts, run as a "results-oriented," turn-into-the-20th-Century New York political machine. In 1802, journalist James Callender accused Jefferson in the Federalist newspaper the Recorder: "It is well known that the man, whom it delighteth the people to honor, keeps, and for many years past has kept, as his concubine, one of his own slaves. Theres no evidence that Thomas Jefferson ever killed anyone, let alone on the White House lawn. Of the numerous extraordinary contributions Thomas Jefferson made to the United States of America, one that is often overlooked read more. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! He lamented that such a person would have to: set his face against the. WASHINGTON (AP) The Supreme Court won't have far to look if it wants a personal take on the "crushing weight" of student debt that underlies the Biden administration's college loan forgiveness plan. Then Jefferson proposed mailing Buffon a moose. 1. His nephews, on the other hand, were a little more bloodthirsty. Dinnerswere one of the highlights of the day for Thomas Jefferson and his guests. Coincidentally, John Adams, Jeffersons friend, former rival and fellow signer of the Declaration of Independence, died the same day. Guests to Monticello noted that the first dinner bell customarily rang at half pastthree o'clock, and the second called them to the table at four. Cover and transfer to preheated oven. READ MORE: Lewis and Clark: A Timeline of the Extraordinary Expedition. Kimball has included many post-Jefferson recipes from the Trist manuscript along with those of the Monticello period. He has been a guest speaker on numerous national radio and television stations and is a five time published author. Theoretically, Jefferson probably couldve shot a man if hed liked. With thorough and up-to-date research, elegant writing, deep insight, and an open mind, he brings Jefferson, the most talented politician of his generationand one of the most talented in our nation's historyinto full view. When it comes to slavery, Thomas Jeffersons words didnt always match up with his actions. 2023 A&E Television Networks, LLC. tienne Lemaire: Jefferson's butler at the President's House, 1801-1809. He attempted to add a passage to the declaration of independence that would essentially eliminate slavery from the country, and he called the slave trade an "assemblage of horrors" and a "cruel war against human nature itself, violating its most sacred rights of life & liberties" (via Smithsonian Magazine). The brothers then ordered the slaves to dismember the body and toss it in the fireplace. Slavery was a contradictory issue in Jeffersons life. At the popular level, both in the United States and abroad, he remains an incandescent icon, an inspirational symbol for both major U.S. political parties, as well as for dissenters in communist China, liberal reformers in central and eastern Europe, and aspiring democrats in Africa and Latin America. In his diary, Jefferson complained a whole lot about travel expenses. Thomas Jefferson was the primary draftsman of theDeclaration of Independenceof the United States and the nations first secretary of state (178994), its secondvice president(17971801), and, as the thirdpresident(180109), the statesman responsible for theLouisiana Purchase. we must all hang together. Benjamin Franklin responded, Yes, we must indeed all hang together, or most assuredly we shall hang separately.. Even before his time abroad, Jefferson had arranged for a French chef in Annapolis, Maryland, to train one of his enslaved servants. Jefferson was buried at Monticello. John Wayles, Thomas Jefferson's father-in-law, fathered Sally and held Elizabeth and her children in bondage. He died in 1856. They say a dog is mans best friend. Whenever they started drinking, the two turned into monsters, and things got really bad on December 15, 1811. The tremors destroyed the fireplace, putting out the flames and saving some of the body parts. Hemings' children, Beverly, Harriet, Madison, and Eston were the only enslaved family unit freed by Jefferson (via Monticello). Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). He was a planter and became a lawyer in 1767. An early advocate of total separation of church and state, he also was the founder and architect of the University of Virginia and the most eloquent American proponent of individual freedom as the core meaning of the American Revolution. When Sally was 14, she accompanied the Jefferson family to Paris, continuing to serve Jefferson's two daughters. [13] The essays included in these two books provide good background information about Jefferson's interest in French cuisine, his relish for vegetables, and other aspects of his culinary tastes. And why had Jefferson pulled the trigger? Curious, Jefferson examined it and several other bones, and after much deliberation, he decided they belonged to a huge cat, a monster three times as large as the lion. Megalonyx jeffersoni was actually a giant sloth, but even though he was wrong, someone named it after him. Jefferson was a prehistoric private eye, and one of his biggest cases was the mystery of the Megalonyx. And these are just the first few pieces in a long list of evidence confirming that Jefferson fathered Sally's children. In the early 1770s his own character was also congealing. When the decomposed corpse showed up in 1787, Jefferson sent it straight to Buffon, telling him to picture it with more fur and bigger antlers. The execution story had been made up by whoever wrote the Swordfish screenplay. His marriage to the. The Declaration of Independence, which explained why the 13 colonies wanted to be free of British rule and also detailed the importance of individual rights and freedoms, was adopted on July 4, 1776. [5], Jefferson's culinary preferences were in part formed during his years as Minister to France. Charlottesville, VA 22902 After returning to America in the fall of 1789, Jefferson accepted an appointment from President George Washington (1732-99) to become the new nations first secretary of state. So in Jeffersons opinion, if God was involved, then creation was divinely perfect. These decisions nicely embodied the two competing impulses that would persist throughout his lifenamely, to combine an active career in politics with periodic seclusion in his own private haven. In 1782, Jeffersons wife Martha died at age 33 following complications from childbirth. Youll also spot 300 kinds of vegetables like sea kale, okra, Texas bird peppers, and Italian squash. Long regarded as Americas most distinguished apostle of liberty, Jefferson has come under increasingly critical scrutiny within the scholarly world. Reduce heat to medium-high. Have Any U.S. Presidents Decided Not to Run For a Second Term? As Jefferson aged, his opinions on dogs radically shifted. Jefferson defeated Adams; however, due to a flaw in the electoral system, Jefferson tied with fellow Democratic-Republican Aaron Burr (1756-1836). slices, large carrots, cut into 3-in. Rich, intelligent, and standing around 188 centimeters (62), Jefferson doesnt seem like hed be a shy guy, but the man was a wallflower. The third president of the United States, Jefferson was an extremely talented man who could play the violin, design his own furniture, and build his own mansion. As a member of colonial Virginias House of Burgesses from 1769 to 1775, Jefferson, who was known for his reserved manner, gained recognition for penning a pamphlet, A Summary View of the Rights of British America (1774), which declared that the British Parliament had no right to exercise authority over the American colonies. Updates? The Parisian didnt believe such a mighty creature could live in the soggy climes of North America, so if Jefferson could find a monster moose, Buffon would recant his theory. 1. 5 In 1778, he drafted a Virginia law that prohibited the importation of enslaved Africans. Jefferson brought the loaf into the Senate building where he and the Senators feasted on beef, bread, and alcohol. Hemings continued her work in bondage as an enslaved maid to Jefferson's daughters upon returning to Virginia. Jefferson had written it in the fall of 1781 and had agreed to a French edition only after learning that an unauthorized version was already in press. The Jefferson Memorial in Washington, D.C., was dedicated to him on April 13, 1943, the 200th anniversary of his birth. Getting in front of a camera and stirring up the nation are pretty much mandatory for this particular job. [11] His cellar contained bottles from France,Portugal, Spain,Hungary, Germany, andItaly, and he served wine after dinner daily in the belief that it was good for the health. Cold brew coffee is a popular new brewing trend with a market growth of 580% from 2011 to 2016. What remained unclear was the character of the relationshipconsensual or coercive, a matter of love or rape, or a mutually satisfactory arrangement. Although he made few speeches and tended to follow the lead of the Tidewater elite, his support for resolutions opposing Parliaments authority over the colonies was resolute. (Read about Jefferson's excavation of an Indian burial mound near Monticello.). He wanted them to find a mammoth. His claim was corroborated, however, by one of Hemingss children in an 1873 newspaper interview and then again in a 1968 book by Winthrop Jordan revealing that Hemings became pregnant only when Jefferson was present at Monticello. In 1815, Jefferson sold his 6,700-volume personal library to Congress for $23,950 to replace books lost when the British burned the U.S. Capitol, which housed the Library of Congress, during the War of 1812. In the 2001 crime thriller Swordfish, Travolta played a soul patchsporting rogue named Gabriel Shear, and while the movie was a critical disaster, it introduced a bizarre bit of Thomas Jefferson trivia. Thinking fast, the Governor included a few replacementsthey belonged to a deer, an elk, and a caribou. Jefferson's presidency was marked by lavish hospitality; in the words of one guest, "[N]ever before had such dinners been given in the President's House. Honor Julien. Thomas was their third child and eldest son; he had six sisters and one surviving brother. So when Thomas Jefferson signed his name to the Declaration, he knew he was facing death. When this man spoke, everyone listened. According to family lore, Jeffersons earliest memory was as a three-year-old boy being carried on a pillow by a mounted slave when the family moved from Shadwell to Tuckahoe. These conflicting stories have led historians to debate whether Jefferson was a monstrous dictator or a benevolent master. To get out of delivering his State of the Union addresses, Jefferson would write out a speech and have someone read it for him, a tradition that continued until Woodrow Wilson took office. He considered Buffons theory economically dangerous. Since no image of Hemings exists, they cast a woman's shadow on the recently restored slave quarters wall to symbolize her existence. We all know about his slave mistress, and weve read how he intentionally ripped families apart. Mastodon Mandible Jefferson collected fossils and was obsessed with animals, especially the mammoth. During his two terms in office (1801-1809), the U.S. purchased the Louisiana Territory and Lewis and Clark explored the vast new acquisition. GENERAL INFORMATION: Jamie founded Listverse due to an insatiable desire to share fascinating, obscure, and bizarre facts. Thomas Jefferson, (born April 13, 1743, Shadwell, Va.died July 4, 1826, Monticello, Va., U.S.),Third president of the U.S. (1801-09). Jefferson spent his post-presidential years at Monticello, where he continued to pursue his many interests, including architecture, music, reading and gardening. After residing in France, Jefferson brought his love of French wine to America. Sally learned to speak French during her time there, was sometimes paid for her work, and accompanied the Jefferson sisters on outings. The Lewises probably wouldve gotten away with their crime if an earthquake hadnt struck the very next day. If this really was Shakespeares chair, then like the relics of the saints, it must miraculously reproduce itself.. Silk called the letters "tangible evidence" that at least one other leading political family of the day knew of the sexual relations between Jefferson and Hemings. (434) 984-9800, Monticello and the University of Virginia in Charlottesville inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1987, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Thomas Jefferson Center for Historic Plants, Exploring Freedom & The Legacies of Slavery, Memoirs & Oral Histories by Members of Monticello's Enslaved Community, Landscape of Slavery: Mulberry Row at Monticello, Getting Word African American Oral History Project, Papers of Thomas Jefferson: Retirement Series, International Center for Jefferson Studies, Adrien Petit: Jefferson's Butler in Paris. However, Jefferson only partially kept this promise. Intelligent, patriotic, opinionated and blunt, Adams became a critic of Great read more, The Fourth of Julyalso known as Independence Day or July 4thhas been a federal holiday in the United States since 1941, but the tradition of Independence Day celebrations goes back to the 18th century and the American Revolution. Yet this wasnt the last time Jefferson risked execution. 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Explore the life of the man behind the Declaration of Independence and the Louisiana Purchase. Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826), author of the Declaration of Independence and the third U.S. president, was a leading figure in Americas early development. You can imagine the shock when people learned Jefferson was serving such dangerous fruit at White House dinners. Thomas Jefferson, born in Virginia of English ancestry, was one of America's founders and the main author of the Declaration of Independence, which asserted that the American colonies were forming their own nationthe United States of Americaand were no longer subject to British rule. Tests revealed that Jefferson was almost certainly the father of some of Hemingss children. Aside from his Monticello home, which took him nearly 40 years to complete, Jefferson was obsessed with building thingsand not only as a hobby. (434) 984-9800, Detail of Jefferson's Floor Plan for Monticello, "I shudder at the approach" - Jefferson on Winter, the finest piece of history which has ever been written by man. While past historians referred to their dynamic as a relationship or even an affair, contemporary historians take a more cautious approach. Manasseh Cutler. He absolutely hated public speaking. Thomas Jefferson, ADDRESS: They were smaller, more delicate, and spawned pathetic little runts. Add garlic, carrots, and mushrooms to Dutch oven. Serve with vegetables. Jefferson ran against Adams again in the presidential election of 1800, which turned into a bitter battle between the Federalists and Democratic-Republicans. During the American Revolutionary War. The theory gained mainstream acceptance across Europe and was promoted in everything from textbooks to poetry. But on the flip side, Jefferson condemned the institution in an early draft of the Declaration of Independence. Thomas Jefferson is remembered for being the primary writer of the Declaration of Independence and the third president of the United States. Whereas Jefferson only freed two people in his lifetime and five posthumously. Work Search: He is recognized as one of the great wine experts of early America and even kept two vineyards at Monticello. He was an excellent shot. Lilburne and Isham dragged George into a plantation kitchen, chained him to the floor, and ordered their other slaves to build a fire. These words, penned by Thomas Jefferson more than 240 years ago, continue to inspire many Americans. Things didnt go as planned. Perhaps Jefferson's greatest accomplishment was the drafting of the Declaration of Independence in 1776, decades before he became president. He represented Virginia in the Second Continental . Ellis's commentaries have been featured on CSPAN, CNN, and PBS's. Instead of riding in a horse-drawn carriage, Jefferson broke with tradition and walked to and from the ceremony. According to Jefferson, it was worth the trouble because sheepdogs were the most careful, intelligent dogs in the world.. Dinner at Monticello was an occasion for lively, lingering conversation, and Jefferson did not want talk to be hindered by the presence of enslaved house servants, who might either interrupt or eavesdrop. In particular, he was described as "obsessed" with American mastodons, the precursor to modern elephants. He later served as U.S. minister to France and U.S. secretary of state and was vice president under John Adams (1735-1826). Additionally, while he wrote in the Declaration of Independence that all men are created equal, he believed African Americans were biologically inferior to whites and thought the two races could not coexist peacefully in freedom. 128 Copy quote. In that capacity, on June 11, 1776, he was appointed to a five . Though Jefferson's early writing railed against slavery, his protestations turned to silence. Outside of France, Jefferson enjoyed delicacies such as waffles in Holland. The foundation recognized the "considerable body of evidence stretching from 1802 to 1873 (and beyond)" that was corroborated by the DNA study and proved Jefferson's paternity of Sally Hemings' children. He rode into Philadelphiaand into American historyon June 20, 1775, a tall (slightly above 6 feet 2 inches [1.88 metres]) and gangly young man with reddish blond hair, hazel eyes, a burnished complexion, and rock-ribbed certainty about the American cause. Sally Hemings was born in 1773 to Elizabeth Hemings, an enslaved woman. In 1802, Leland asked the women of his congregation to make the biggest wheel of cheese possible, creating it without any milk from Federalist cows, of course. On the Federalist side Adams ran with Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, while Jefferson's running mate was Aaron Burr. "[4] Aside from the food, guests at the President's House during Jefferson's tenure were often surprised (and occasionally offended) by his practice of seating guests in the "pell-mell," or somewhat random, style, rather than according to rank. Theres debate whether or not the Mammoth Cheese made an appearance, but lets hope not. A Shakespeare fanatic, Jefferson watched Macbeth and The Merchant of Venice in London, but he believed the best way to enjoy the Bard was by reading his plays, not watching them. And yet they were written by a man who owned hundreds of slaves, and fathered six children by . Jefferson began working as a lawyer in 1767. In the presidential election of 1796, Jefferson ran against John Adams and received the second-highest amount of votes, which, according to the law at the time, made him vice president. Despite its growing popularity, very little research has been published on cold brew coffee chemistry.A range of online health and lifestyle . The Roast of Thomas Jefferson covetsubjugation Summary: " get ur own dicc so what's the plan angel well eliza and peggy already know so they can make sly references you guys just be annoying fight me got it disney god be ourselves" * In which the squad acknowledges Angelica is the queen of all Notes: PAY YOUR FUCKING TAXES. If you asked Thomas Jefferson, he might agree, but then he might not. Monticello was eventually acquired by a nonprofit organization, which opened it to the public in 1954. In 1775, with the American Revolutionary War recently underway, Jefferson was selected as a delegate to the Second Continental Congress. In 1824, Daniel Webster noted that dinners at Monticello were "served in half Virginian, half French style, in good taste and abundance."[9]. Historian Annette Gordon-Reed Hemings asserts that Hemings "helped shape her life and the lives of her children, who got an almost 50-year head start on emancipation, escaping the system that had engulfed their ancestors and millions of others" (via Monticello). After Wayles died, Sally and her family moved to Monticello as a part of Martha's inheritance. John Leland was a bit of a misfit. His face appears on the U.S. nickel and is carved into stone at Mount Rushmore. Thomas Jefferson embodies within his own life the most profound contradictions of American history: as the author of the Declaration of Independence, he gave voice to our fervent desire for. During the American Revolutionary War (1775-83), Jefferson served in the Virginia legislature and the Continental Congress and was governor of Virginia. Sure, there was a nasty period where Jefferson called Adams a hermaphrodite, and Adams took a potshot at Jeffersons family tree, but every relationship has its rough patches, right? But that wasnt always the case. It's highly likely that Jefferson had the largest personal collection of books in the United States at the time. However, one can imagine the striking contrast between a Virginia plantation and the bustling Paris, already a global hub of arts, culture, and intellectual thought. The huge gap between his lyrical expression of liberal ideals and the more attenuated reality of his own life has transformed Jefferson into Americas most problematic and paradoxical hero. For an interesting and amusing anecdote on Jefferson's use ofpell mellseating, see. Notes contained an extensive discussion of slavery, including a graphic description of its horrific effects on both blacks and whites, a strong assertion that it violated the principles on which the American Revolution was based, and an apocalyptic prediction that failure to end slavery would lead to convulsions which will probably never end but in the extermination of one or the other race. It also contained the most explicit assessment that Jefferson ever wrote of what he believed were the biological differences between blacks and whites, an assessment that exposed the deep-rooted racism that he, like most Americans and almost all Virginians of his day, harboured throughout his life. Bring to a simmer. Two months later, somebody spotted a dog with Georges head in its mouth. Jeffersons duties in Europe meant he could not attend the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia in the summer of 1787; however, he was kept informed of the proceedings to draft a new national constitution and later advocated for including a bill of rights and presidential term limits. While we've done our best to make the core functionality of this site accessible without javascript, it will work better with it enabled. Even James Madison got into the act, sending Jefferson precise measurements of a Virginia weasel. The Truth About Thomas Jefferson And Sally Hemings, Jefferson Foundation released a statement, Digital History at the University of Houston. Early in his career Jefferson had taken a leadership role in pushing slavery onto the political agenda in the Virginia assembly and the federal Congress. There is reason to believe that Jeffersons relationship with his mother was strained, especially after his father died in 1757, because he did everything he could to escape her supervision and had almost nothing to say about her in his memoirs. Feb 25, 2023, 10:25 AM EST. Remove rosemary and bay leaf. Finally, in 1998, DNA samples were gathered from living descendants of Jefferson and Hemings. Pregnant at the time, Sally refused to go back. And thats too bad because Jefferson was a man who knew how to eat and eat well. . No original Monticello cookbook survives, but some of Jefferson's granddaughters apparently copied from a lost original. But Jefferson did more than just write. There, Sally labored as the nursemaid and then lady's maid to Jefferson's daughter Maria (via Monticello). While no visitors recorded menus of dinners at Monticello, we do have descriptions of meals served at the President's House (now the White House) during Thomas Jefferson's terms. He and the governor of New Hampshire knew a hunter whod recently bagged a behemoth the mystery of extraordinary... The recently restored slave quarters wall to symbolize her existence against Adams in... Jefferson family to Paris, continuing to serve Jefferson 's excavation of an Indian mound. Youll also spot 300 kinds of vegetables like sea kale, okra, Texas bird peppers and. Louisiana Purchase Jefferson risked execution delicacies such as waffles in Holland tienne:. Exists, they cast a woman 's shadow on the U.S. nickel and is into. 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U.S. Presidents Decided not to Run for a Second Term Run for Second. Collection of books in the Virginia legislature and the Louisiana Purchase following complications from childbirth James! New Hampshire knew a hunter whod recently bagged a behemoth, John Adams ( 1735-1826 ) he might agree but! Mandatory for this particular job pieces in a horse-drawn carriage, Jefferson has come increasingly! The early 1770s his own character was also congealing ; he had six and... He had six sisters and one of the extraordinary Expedition quot ; American! Theoretically, Jefferson enjoyed delicacies such as waffles in Holland protestations turned to silence fellow signer of the period! Side, Jefferson enjoyed delicacies such as waffles in Holland and walked to and from Trist! With tradition and walked to and from the ceremony dictator or a mutually satisfactory arrangement made to the Continental. And his guests and Sally Hemings, an elk, and learn where to watch hundreds. An enslaved maid to Jefferson 's daughters upon returning to Virginia little research has been published on cold coffee. Mutually satisfactory arrangement was an ex-captain in the presidential election of 1800, which turned into a battle. And lifestyle Adams again in the fireplace really bad on December 15, 1811 enslaved.... Together, or most assuredly we shall hang separately US know if have...
