Intelligence is very helpful in dealing with experiences of life. 0000001062 00000 n The point to He must adapt himself to the environment. 0000010821 00000 n Naturalism and Discipline 10. The logical outgrowth of literary Realism was the point of view known as Naturalism. Naturalists differ with regard to the aim of education. One of Stephen Crane's more famous quotes come from his naturalistic text, The Open Boat: "When it occurs to a man that nature does not regard him as important, and that she feels she would not maim the universe by disposing of him, he at first wishes to throw bricks at the temple, and he hates deeply the fact that there are no bricks and no temples.". 8. The naturalists, therefore, have given a prominent place to the play-way method. One of Dreiser's favorite fictional devices was the use of contrast between the rich and the poor, the urbane and the unsophisticated, and the power brokers and the helpless. The biological nature of man consists’ of impulses, instincts and emotions, tendencies and propensities. The greatest attraction of the child is play. The child should be left perfectly free to act in any way he likes and then face the consequences of his actions. There is the faintest hint of romance, but all hopes of a happy resolution are dashed, quite literally. 0000024350 00000 n What’s truly remarkable is that Crane wrote Red Badge with no actual experience of battle. Naturalism and Discipline 10. Writers like Zola and Frank Norris conceived of their work as experiments in which characters were subjected to various stimuli in order to gauge reactions. Modern education is pedo-centric. They condemn corporal punishment as it represses the impulses and instincts of the children. The naturalists, thus, have idolized man. Naturalism was a late nineteenth century movement in theater, film, art and literature that seeks to portray common values of the ordinary individual, as opposed to such movements as Romanticism or Surrealism, in which subjects may receive highly symbolic, idealistic, or even supernatural treatment. Education should be for change rather than for stability. 6. Critics, both contemporary and modern, sometimes accuse the Naturalists of ethnocentricity. The ‘chalk and talk’ method has no scope. As regards language and mathematics they opine that only such knowledge of these subjects should be acquired as is essential for scientific studies. The naturalists advocate freedom in education. As founder of the first acting "System," co-founder of the Moscow Art Theater (1897 - ), and an eminent pra… He used John Dos Passos, John Steinbeck, and James T. Farrell's works in his experiment. They are both opposed to Romanticism, in which subjects may receive highly symbolic, idealistic, or even supernatural treatment. Every action is inevitably followed by its natural consequences. Its permanent contributions in the field of education may be summed up: 1. Many characters are nameless, even the protagonist Fleming is often just “the young soldier.” Throughout the novel runs a current of deep, bitter irony. Often, an inanimate object or place is given as much potency as a human character. Much of Crane's work is narrated from an ordinary point of view, who is in an extraordinary circumstance. The story is not rooted in a specific locale. Ross is of the opinion that the teacher has only “to set the stage, supply the materials and opportunities provide an ideal environment and create conditions conducive to natural development”, and then he is to “recede in the background.”. It is the whole reality. Like a research scientist accumulating data, Crane wanted to learn as much as he could about life for the impoverished, mostly immigrant residents. Naturalism and the Teacher 9. The role of the educator is that of a friend, philosopher and guide. Naturalism and Curriculum 7. The works of Stephen Crane played a fundamental role in the development of Literary Naturalism. Campbell, “Naturalism in American Literature”). An earlier novel treating the same subject may have romanticized the immigrant life, but Crane portrayed abject poverty exactly as it was. McDougall (1871-1938), the famous exponent of the Naturalistic school of psychology, does not accept the theory of pleasure. 0000062499 00000 n 5�K\ ���C�*S�.���Z�taUQ�����Q�-�`-��p�Ǿz� \Ti�F��-Um �U�AF:P3F���]��5�ܪZ�r�"���v�3K�a���ܴ�,I;%��ϧHi#kYx�� w����7Ɋ�|�U�����i3�V�*U���_�+5�����5j�hǝ�K�\�1���1�vس��i,=�]0u,1���1�}�x��H/>�l`����"�Ms�. Shakespeare wrote over 150 sonnets! When systematic and sustained efforts are made to impose knowledge on the child without considering his interests and aptitudes, it is called positive method of teaching. Realism began after Romanticism, in part as a reaction to it. Considered by many as the leader of Naturalism in American writing, Dreiser is also remembered for his stinging criticism of the genteel tradition and of what William Dean Howells described as the "smiling aspects of life" typifying America.

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