By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Along with Müllers other inventions, the atom probe field ion microscope represented a significant advance in the field of materials science. Research Group: Hot and Dense QCD Matter / Duke QCD Theory. nat.) He is a staff scientist in PHY since 2007 and an Affiliate Assistant Professor at the University of Washington, Seattle since 2012. A specialist in the ceramic compounds known as oxides, Müller in the early 1980s began searching for substances that would become superconductive (i.e., conduct electricity with no resistance) at higher temperatures than had theretofore been obtained. ), Swiss physicist who, along with J. Georg Bednorz, was awarded the 1987 Nobel Prize for Physics for their joint discovery of superconductivity in certain substances at higher temperatures than had previously been thought attainable. The highest transition temperature (the temperature below which a material loses all electrical resistance) attainable at that time was about 23 K (−250° C [−418° F]). Get kids back-to-school ready with Expedition: Learn! Phone: [+1] 919 660 2570: FAX: [+1] 919 660 2525 : Office: 250 Physics Bldg. Mark Mueller - Theoretical Physicist. B. degree from Columbia University, and his Ph.D. at Berkeley working under Luis Alvarez. Physicist. This website provides links to my work and to other sites connected with physics. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Erwin Wilhelm Müller was a German-born physicist who invented both the field emission microscope and the field ion microscope, the latter of which enabled him to be the first person to ever observe individual atoms. In 1983 Müller recruited Bednorz to help him systematically test various oxides, materials that a few recent studies had indicated might be suitable for superconductivity. He has been on the faculty at Berkeley since 1978. Among them are the Achievement Award of the Instrument Society of America (1960), the prestigious John Scott Medal presented by the City of Philadelphia (1970), and the American Physical Societys Davisson-Germer Prize (1972). Müller was educated at the Technical University in Berlin, where he studied under Nobel laureate Gustav Hertz. Similar to the field emission microscope, the field ion microscope consists of a sample in the shape of a pointed tip and a fluorescent screen, but unlike the other device, requires the presence of an imaging gas, such as hydrogen or helium, in a vacuum chamber before an electric field is applied to the tip, which is also located in the chamber. Research Area: Theoretical Nuclear and Particle Physics. B. Duke Professor of Physics mueller@phy.duke.edu. That’s a potent combination, with the power to generate transformative ideas about ourselves and our relationship to the universe. K. Alexander Müller The Nobel Prize in Physics 1987 Born: 20 April 1927, Basel, Switzerland Affiliation at the time of the award: IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, Rüschlikon, Switzerland Prize motivation: "for their important break-through in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials." Links to some of my work and related topics. Dubbed the field ion microscope, this Müller invention, with a magnification of 1,000,000 or more and a resolution of 0.25 nanometers, made it possible for the first time to obtain clear images of individual atoms and their arrangement on the surface of a sample. Müllers first major contribution to optics, the development of field emission microscopy, was made while he was still a graduate student working at Siemens, in 1936. This article was most recently revised and updated by, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory - Magnetic Academy - Biography of Karl Alexander M�ller, Magnetic Lab - Biography of Karl Alexander M�ller, NobelPrize.org - Autobiography of Tjalling C. Koopmans, Karl Alexander Müller - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). He received a Young Scientist Prize in Nuclear Physics of the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics in 2010, a DOE Office of Science Early Career Grant in 2011, and a Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers in 2012. phone: Their discovery immediately prompted a wave of renewed superconductivity experiments by other scientists worldwide, this time using oxides, and within a year transition temperatures approaching 100 K (−173° C [−280° F]) had been achieved. In 1967, Müller invented yet another important scientific instrument, which he referred to as an atom probe, but later came to be more widely known as the atom probe field ion microscope. Prior to that time, Müller carried out research at various institutions, including Siemens Research Laboratory, Stabilovolt Company, Kaiser-Wilhelm Institute for Physical Chemistry, the Technical University in Berlin, and the Free University of West Berlin. J. His research interests lie in precision tests of fundamental symmetries and interactions, nuclear structure studies via laser spectroscopy, and in the application of laser spectroscopy for ultra-sensitive trace-isotope analysis. Field emission is the emission of electrons from the surface of a conductor subjected to a high electric field. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... 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