Her family was plagued with illness; she and her husband had suffered stomach ulcers for years and both required hospitalization. [55], In the aftermath Parks collaborated with members of the League of Revolutionary Black Workers and the Republic of New Afrika in raising awareness of police abuse during the conflict. [51], That Monday night, 50 leaders of the African-American community gathered to discuss actions to respond to Parks' arrest. "[19], Although never a member of the Communist Party, she attended meetings with her husband. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. [55] Parks took part in the black power movement, attending the Philadelphia Black Power conference, and the Black Political Convention in Gary, Indiana. Shortly after the boycott, she moved to Detroit, where she briefly found similar work. In 1957 Parks moved with her husband and mother to Detroit, where from 1965 to 1988 she was a member of the staff of Michigan Congressman John Conyers, Jr. She remained active in the NAACP, and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference established the annual Rosa Parks Freedom Award in her honour. Parks was not the first person to resist bus segregation, but the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) believed that she was the best candidate for seeing through a court challenge after her arrest for civil disobedience in violating Alabama segregation laws. Upon her death in 2005, she was the first woman to lie in honor in the Capitol Rotunda, becoming the thirty-first person to receive this honor. [62] Following national outcry around her case, Little succeeded in her defense that she used deadly force to resist sexual assault and was acquitted. [57], Like many Detroit blacks, Parks remained particularly concerned about housing issues. This page was last edited on 27 September 2020, at 01:39. The papers of Rosa Parks were cataloged into the Library of Congress, after years of a legal battle. "[10], One day in 1943, Parks boarded a bus and paid the fare. 2857, on which Parks was riding, was restored and placed on display in. In 1943 Parks became a member of the Montgomery chapter of the She worked for the local NAACP leader Edgar Nixon, even though he maintained that "Women don't need to be nowhere but in the kitchen. There was only one Rosa Parks. On November 13, 1956, the U.S. Supreme Court upheld a lower court’s decision declaring Montgomery’s segregated seating unconstitutional, and the court order was served on December 20; the boycott ended the following day. Her heirs and various interest organizations alleged at the time that her financial affairs had been mismanaged. She was the recipient of numerous awards, including the Presidential Medal of Freedom (1996) and the Congressional Gold Medal (1999). When her rent became delinquent and her impending eviction was highly publicized in 2004, executives of the ownership company announced they had forgiven the back rent and would allow Parks, by then 91 and in extremely poor health, to live rent-free in the building for the remainder of her life. Rosa Parks was in jail for roughly a day. The next day, Parks was tried on charges of disorderly conduct and violating a local ordinance. She served on a "people's tribunal" on August 30, 1967, investigating the killing of three young men by police during the 1967 Detroit uprising, in what came to be known as the Algiers Motel incident. A plaque entitled "The Bus Stop" at Dexter Ave. and Montgomery St.—the place Rosa Parks boarded the bus—pays tribute to her and the success of the Montgomery bus boycott. "[31], By Parks' account, Blake said, "Y'all better make it light on yourselves and let me have those seats. She became an international icon of resistance to racial segregation. He died from cancer in 1977. [67][68][69] Though her health declined as she entered her seventies, Parks continued to make many appearances and devoted considerable energy to these causes. At just 19 years old, McCauley was … [22] Howard brought news of the recent acquittal of the two men who had murdered Till. They all were members of the African Methodist Episcopal Church (AME), a century-old independent black denomination founded by free blacks in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in the early nineteenth century. Rosa Parks called Malcolm X her hero, and they interacted several times during the American civil rights movement. The courts convicted her of disorderly conduct four days after her arrest. "[35] Blake said, "Why don't you stand up?" Dozens of public buses stood idle for months, severely damaging the bus transit company's finances, until the city repealed its law requiring segregation on public buses following the US Supreme Court ruling in Browder v. Gayle that it was unconstitutional.

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