Topography studies the . It is the continent's second largest island (after Great Britain). Routes detour around, or seek gaps through, those uplandswhose German appellation, Horst (thicket), recalls their still wooded character, while their coal basins give them great economic importance. Ancient Greeks believed it was the home of the gods. For the political geography of Europe, see, Countries consisting solely of islands or parts of islands, Countries bordering or spanning another continent, Countries whose capital is not the most populous, List of countries by the number of other countries they border, Last edited on 19 February 2023, at 19:57, List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Europe, List of European tornadoes and tornado outbreaks, List of the highest European ultra-prominent peaks, Special member state territories and the European Union, Language facts European day of languages, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Europe&oldid=1140367331, Lower Danubian Plain, between Balkan Mountains and, This page was last edited on 19 February 2023, at 19:57. Antwerp is the biggest city of the country. 5 x Fun Facts about Europe The longest town name in Europe is Lanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogo, in Wales The Czech Republic is the most beer-drinking country per capita There are more UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Europe than any other continent in the world The highest toilet can be found at Mount Blanc Any interactives on this page can only be played while you are visiting our website. Because of their remoteness, however, all these regions have distinct dialects that differ slightly from their parent language. An arc of uplands also exists along the northwestern seaboard, beginning in southwestern Ireland, continuing across through western and northern Great Britain, and up along the mountainous, fjord-cut spine of Norway. 2. Luxembourg is a small country located in the Low Countries, part of North-West Europe It borders Belgium for 148 kilometres (92 miles) to the west and north, France (73 km [45 mi]) to the south, and Germany (138 km [86 mi]) to the east. The boundary continues to the Caspian Sea, the crest of the Caucasus Mountains (or, less commonly, the river Kura in the Caucasus), and on to the Black Sea. The climate supports a wide variety of seasonal crops. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Moose, bear, and elk (Cervus canadensis) are native to the European taiga.Just south of the taiga is a mixture of coniferous and deciduous trees, including beech, ash, poplar, and willow. Economically, Russia and former Soviet states are not part of what we think of as Europe these days, because they are not part of the European Union. The Louvre is the most visited attraction in Europe It runs for 2,294 miles through central Russia. More than 200 languages are spoken in Europe. Yet the peninsular and insular western extremity of the continent, thrusting toward the North Atlantic Ocean, providesthanks to its latitude and its physical geographya relatively genial human habitat, and the long processes of human history came to mark off the region as the home of a distinctive civilization. Whats the Difference Between Great Britain and the United Kingdom? Latin, the language of Rome, evolved into French in the western region, and Italian in the south. It looks at mountains and valleys, as well as rivers and oceans. I think this makes it easy to assume they are not part of continental Europe. The EU accepts few candidates: member states must maintain a stable, democratic form of government, a free-market economy, and commitment to the rule of law.The rapid growth of the European Union, however, has caused a number of administrative and political tensions. City-states were unique in that they were governed not by a hereditary ruler, but by a political body that represented its citizens. If a media asset is downloadable, a download button appears in the corner of the media viewer. It is characterized by simple, minimalist design and low-cost mass production. Thrace is the western part of Turkey on the European continent.. The program highlights Europes rich cultural diversity, celebrates its cultural ties, and brings people of different European backgrounds together. The relationship between the United States, with a free-market economy, and the Soviet Union, with a communist economy, was known as the Cold War.The Iron Curtain represents Europes political geography during the Cold War. Population Density188 people per square kilometer, Highest ElevationMount Elbrus, Russia (5,642 meters/18,510 feet), Most Renewable Electricity ProducedIceland (99.9%; hydropower, geothermal), Largest Urban AreaMoscow, Russia (16.2 million people), Largest WatershedVolga River (1.38 million square km/532,821 square miles). The continent also comprises numerous islands, somenotably the Faroes and Icelandlocated at a distance from the mainland. It was a barbarian worldthat is, a non-Greek one, with its inhabitants making bar-bar noises in unintelligible tongues. 3. Most Greek gods and goddesses are representations of the active physical elements that made up the local landscape. Brussels is considered to be the largest city of Belgium, according to the population of the Brussels-Capital Region. These projected changes will have two major effects: There will be a smaller work force to create a dynamic and industrious economy, and governments and citizens will have to care for more elderly people.These changes will affect different regions of Europe in different ways. The Mediterranean Sea to the south separates Europe from Africa. Above all, in southern EuropeAustria and Switzerland includedlevel, low-lying land is scarce, and mountain, plateau, and hill landforms dominate. Topography Facts - Earth Science. Europe extends from the island nation of Iceland in the west to the Ural Mountains of Russia in the east. Asia is not Europe ;-). With its central European location but geographic remoteness, the Alps region developed into a unique crossroads for Europes dominant languages, and a refuge for its archaic languages. Fast Facts: France Official Name: French Republic Capital: Paris Population: 67,364,357 (2018) Note: This figure is for metropolitan France and five overseas regions; the metropolitan France population is 62,814,233 The low starting elevation makes the Volga a slow flowing river. Population Density188 people per square kilometer, Highest ElevationMount Elbrus, Russia (5,642 meters/18,510 feet), Most Renewable Electricity ProducedIceland (99.9%; hydropower, geothermal), Largest Urban AreaMoscow, Russia (16.2 million people), Largest WatershedVolga River (1.38 million square km/532,821 square miles). The cold water surrounding northern Britain and Scandinavia is home to unique species of cold-water corals. The continent is awash with stunning beaches so its only right that the facts of European geography include its longest beach. Regional climatic contrasts nevertheless exist: oceanic, Mediterranean, and continental types occur widely, as do gradations from one to the other. These revolutions eventually lead to the end of the Cold War, symbolized by the falling of the Berlin Wall in 1989.Contemporary IssuesEurope is now broadly defined in the context of the European Union (EU), an economic and political body officially created by the Maastricht Treaty in 1993. Switzerland's small sizeits total area is about half that of Scotlandand its modest population give little indication of its international significance. Switzerland, federated country of central Europe. There are more bicycles than people in the country (22.3 million bicycles and 17 million people). 0. Topography is the study of the Earth's surface. Europe's highest peak, Mount Elbrus at 5,642 meters (18,510 feet), is in the Caucasus Mountains of Russia. The name Europe may also come from combining the Greek roots eur- (wide) and -op (seeing) to form the phrase wide-gazing.Europe is often described as a peninsula of peninsulas. A peninsula is a piece of land surrounded by water on three sides. Europe is home to two countries that are completely landlocked by Italy. Lake Ladoga is the worlds 14th largest lake by area, and Russia also has the deepest lake in the world Lake Baikal. Steppe plains cover the north of Kazakhstan. It has been somewhat problematical to pin down the biggest glacier in Europe because biggest is open to interpretation of length, depth and width, plus they can change quite dramatically in a short space of time. When you reach out to him or her, you will need the page title, URL, and the date you accessed the resource. You cannot download interactives. View more property details, sales history and Zestimate data on Zillow. In fact, the most famous symbol of the Iron Curtain was the Berlin Wall, which divided the East German city of Berlin into western and eastern-controlled parts.The economic and political demise of the Soviet Union led to the end of the Iron Curtain in the late 1980s. Topographic maps (often called topo maps for short) are large scale maps, often greater than 1:50,000, which means that one inch on the map equals 50,000 inches on the ground. Although this area remains heavily forested, the continent's forests were drastically reduced as a result of intense urbanization throughout human history. The financial and diplomatic success of the EU has led to its rapid growth across the continent.The euro is one of the strongest currencies in the world. Author of. Only North Korea has such high literacy rates as Ukraine. Europe's northernmost point is the Svalbard archipelago of Norway, and it reaches as far south as the islands of Greece and Malta.Europe is sometimes described as a peninsula of peninsulas. 16 S Sunwood Ln , Sandy, UT 84092 is a single-family home listed for-sale at $1,295,000. The debate surrounding the cartoons also intensified strained relations between the Islamic world and the West.In 2010, the French government dismantled illegal immigrant camps throughout France. San Marino and Vatican City, two fully sovereign nations, are both completely surrounded by Italy. It is bounded by the North Sea in the north and west. Omissions? The Volga River in Russia. Eastern Europe is everything east of Germany, Austria, and Italy. The Volga River in Russia is Europe's longest river. Ukraine is the world's largest producer of sunflower seeds, and across every part of Ukraine, you'll see stunning fields of these yellow blooms. The highest points reached in Norway and Sweden are, respectively, Galdh Peak (8,100 feet [2,469 metres]) and Mount Kebne (6,926 feet [2,111 metres]). It is 1733 meters (5,686 feet) deep and is located near the Swiss and Italian borders, in the area of the Savoy Alps close to the village of Samoens. Western Europe and parts of Central Europe generally fall into the temperate maritime climate (Cfb), the southern part is mostly a Mediterranean climate (mostly Csa, smaller area with Csb), the north-central part and east into central Russia is mostly a humid continental climate (Dfb) and the northern part of the continent is a subarctic climate (Dfc). The former is of North Atlantic volcanic formation, while the latter consist of upland areas once joined to the mainland until cut off by rising sea levels. A volcanos violent nature thus came from the work of Hephaestus and the anger of the imprisoned gods.The ancient Greeks connection to the sea also deeply influenced their mythological beliefs. Europe is sometimes called a "peninsula of peninsulas", to draw attention to the fact that Europe is a relatively small, elongated appendage to Asia, and that a large part of Europe is made up of peninsulas. Important highlands in this region include the Massif Central and the Vosges in France, the Ardennes of Belgium, the Black Forest and the Taunus in Germany, and the Ore and Sudeten in the Czech Republic. The financial crisis is defined by debt and high unemployment. Physiographically, it is the northwestern peninsula of the larger landmass known as Eurasia (or the larger Afro-Eurasia); Asia occupies the centre and east of this continuous landmass. Germany's largest wooded area,. Europe has less precipitation in the east than in central and western Europe. Por favor, active JavaScript. It stands 10,922 feet high on the coast of the Mediterranean island Sicily. Encyclopedic entry. The Balkan peninsula is separated from Asia by the Black and Aegean Seas. By the 7th and 8th centuries, Sweden was known for its trade but in the 9th century, the Vikings raided the region and much of Europe. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. From there it flows to the Caspian Sea. Other political institutions of Rome persist throughout Europe and former European colonies. Europe's shape is in a constant change: The Mediterranean basin is shrinking, the Alps are rising and pushing North, and Scandinavia is still rebounding after having been crushed by the weight of a thick and huge ice sheet in the ice ages. Longest beach The longest beach in Ireland is a continuous 20km stretch of sand in County Wexford connecting Cahore Point to The Raven Point. Table of contents: The Tallest Mountain in Europe The Largest Lake in Europe The Longest River in Europe The Highest Waterfall in Europe The Longest Beach in Europe The Deepest Cave in Europe The Tallest Volcano in Europe Biggest Glacier in Europe Editor of, Professor of Geography, Birkbeck College, University of London, 194770. When you reach out to him or her, you will need the page title, URL, and the date you accessed the resource. The map was produced using a Lambert conformal conic projection, with standard parallels at 40 degrees north . Europe is traditionally defined as one of seven continents. The European bison (Bison bonasus), the heaviest land animal on the continent, is one of the most threatened species.Beginning in the 20th century, many governments and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) have worked to restore some of Europe's rich biodiversity. The creation of the European Economic Community in 1957 and the EU in 1993 greatly enhanced economic cooperation between many of the continents countries. The goals of the program are local, regional, and global. The other landlocked countries are "standalone" landlocked, not bordering any other such European one (the emphasis is necessary, since Kazakhstan borders Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Kyrgyzstan, thus forming a vast landlocked expanse in Central Asia). 33 forms the majority of the population while 54 are ethnic minorities. Greeces many earthquakes, and the tsunamis they caused, were connected to the sea god Poseidon, known as the Earth Shaker. Cults and temples centered on Poseidon were built throughout the Aegean and Mediterranean seas as a means of appeasing the god.As maritime trade and exploration developed in the region, winds and currents connected to Poseidon became important in Greek mythology. A contrast exists between the configuration of peninsular, or western, Europe and that of eastern Europe, which is a much larger and more continental area. In the extreme northern part (northernmost Russia; Svalbard), bordering the Arctic Ocean, is tundra climate (Et). National Geographic Society is a 501 (c)(3) organization. Ancient Greeks also believed reigning gods imprisoned lesser gods underneath the volcanoes. The well-watered plateaus give rise to many rivers and are well adapted to pastoral farming. Lands lying at high elevations can, of course, be lands of low relief, but on the European continent relief tends to become more rugged as elevation increases. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Around 10% of the world's population lives in Europe. Europe is the second-smallest continent. Author of, Emeritus Professor of Geography, Portland State University, Oregon. [2] A prehistoric perspective would include Britain and Ireland as the core of a further very significant European peninsula prior to the post-glacial rise in sea-levels.[3]. She or he will best know the preferred format. In this case, the region of Western Europe includes the regions of northern Europe, southern Europe, Central Europe, and the British Isles. Today much of topography is focused on creating 3D representations of the Earth's surface. The Holocaust was the mass murder of Jews under the Nazi regime. This rescue package has caused tensions to rise between economically competitive countries and the indebted countries that they are helping to rescue. The euro is the second-most popular currency (behind the American dollar) and is used daily by more than 320 million people. Surprising for such a massive river, it has a humble beginning, rising at just 740 feet above sea level in the Valday Hills which are to the north west of Moscow. As to the territorial limits of Europe, they may seem relatively clear on its seaward flanks, but many island groups far to the north and westSvalbard, the Faroes, Iceland, and the Madeira and Canary islandsare considered European, while Greenland (though tied politically to Denmark) is conventionally allocated to North America. (South of Northern Ireland is the separate country of Ireland, which gained its independence from the U.K. in 1937.) Many of its events encouraged community involvement and civic engagement. A small troop of Barbary macaques lives on the tiny island of Gibraltar, between Spain and the African country of Morocco.The waters surrounding Europe are home to a number of organisms, including fish, seaweeds, marine mammals, and crustaceans. The greater part of Europe, however, combines low elevation with low relief. Wcz obsug JavaScript. Trees also grow in that southernmost region, including the Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis), cypress, and cork oak (Quercus suber). The language survives in Switzerland because of the remote location of its native speakers.Contemporary CulturesEuropes rich and diverse cultural heritage continues to flourish today. Europe also supports high densities of population, concentrated in urban-industrial regions. Map created by National Geographic Maps. Continental shelvesformer land surfaces that have been covered by shallow seasare a feature of peninsular Europe, while the coasts themselves are both submerged or drowned, as in southwestern Ireland and northwestern Spain, and emergent, as in western Scotland and southern Wales, where raised former beaches are in evidence. Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service. 5. It covers an area of 357,022 km2 (137,847 sq mi). 7 Fun and Fashionable DIY Animal Ears That You Should Make Look like a Fashionista by Color Coordinate Your Outfits like a Pro Introverts Vs Extroverts Which One Are You. This idea of citizenshipof being connected to and having a voice in your communitybecame the basic building block of democracy. Can you think of anything notable you think I should have included? El sitio web de CORDIS requiere tener activado JavaScript para funcionar correctamente. Read More: 25 Unbelievable Facts about North Korea that you must know. Reindeer herding is still an important aspect of Sami culture, which continues to thrive in northern Scandinavia and Russias Kola Peninsula.Distinct physical features had a lasting impact on how European cultures communicated with each other. The Netherlands is bordered by Germany in the east; and Belgium in the south. The Central Powers (led by the German Empire, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and the Ottoman Empire) fell to the forces of the Allied Powers (led by the United Kingdom, France, and the Russian Empire). Kosovo is a. Glaciation is the process of land being transformed by glaciers or ice sheets. Read important geography facts about Ireland and information about Ireland's landscapes, topography, and coastline. Not only is it pretty huge (2.5 times the size of Mount Vesuvius, which so famously buried Pompeii), but it is also one of the most active volcanoes in the world. Rocks of all geologic periods are exposed, and the operation of geologic forces during an immense succession of eras has contributed to the molding of the landscapes of mountain, plateau, and lowland and has bequeathed a variety of mineral reserves. Sweden has a long history that began with prehistoric hunting camps in the southernmost part of the country. The spacious eastern steppes and, to the west and north, primeval forests as yet only marginally touched by human occupancy further underlined environmental contrasts. Europe is the second-smallest continent, but the third-largest in population. Protests developed across the Muslim world, and demonstrators set fire to Danish embassies in Lebanon, Iran, and Syria. During the Middle Ages, dominant European powers conquered the strategically important mountain territory of the Alps. The city is home to the headquarters of luxury brands such as Valentino, Gucci, Versace, and Prada. Przemek. The program has provided a lasting economic boost to cities and regions, raised their international profiles, and enhanced their images in the eyes of their own inhabitants.Each year, two or three cities are chosen to produce a year-long program of cultural events. Many Muslim organizations, however, saw the cartoons as bigoted, racist, and insulting. In order to distinguish herds, families and communities developed a pattern of cuts and notches on the animals ears.Reindeer were also the Samis main method of transporting goods during their nomadic journeys. It is one of the biggest glaciers in the world, covering almost 9,000 sq km (3,500 square miles). All rights reserved. CORDIS website requires JavaScript enabled in order to work properly. Veuillez activer JavaScript. Ireland is an island nation on the westernmost edge of Europe. If you have questions about licensing content on this page, please contact ngimagecollection@natgeo.com for more information and to obtain a license. Of the top 10 largest lakes in Europe, 6 are in Russia, although 1 partly sits in Estonia. Geographically, Turkey forms a natural land bridge between the old world continents of Asia, Africa and Europe. They created clothing and tents out of reindeer hides, sewing together the cloth with twine made from the animals tendons.Keeping track of herds and individual animals became increasingly important in Sami life. Fewer than a million people are fluent in Romansch. It is the continent's second largest island (after Great Britain). Figures for the population of Europe vary according to which definition of European boundaries is used. Bitte aktivieren Sie JavaScript. National Geographic Headquarters 1145 17th Street NW Washington, DC 20036. Automobile companies such as BMW, Mercedes, and Audi are known throughout the world for creating cars with dynamic designs and an engaging driving experience. From the Greek perspective then, Europa was culturally backward and scantily settled. Most extensive between the Baltic and White seas in the north and the Black, Azov, and Caspian seas in the south, the lowland area narrows westward, lying to the south of the northwestern highlands; it is divided also by the English Channel and the mountains and plateaus of central Europe. European countries saw an increase in immigration after World War II. Glaciers are found in a surprisingly large number of European countries, including Iceland, Norway, Spain, France, Switzerland, Austria and Germany. In the face of an economic crisis, EU citizens of poorer member countries, such as the Roma of Bulgaria and Romania, often migrate to more developed EU countries in search of work. This includes Morriscastle and Ballinesker beaches. Important Scandinavian companies focused on designed products include Electrolux, which makes home electronics, and Ikea and H&M, famous around the world for inexpensive but well-designed home furnishings and clothing, respectively. The North European Plain extends across the country's northern reaches; this flat, lowland terrain is dissected by . The topography of the country is divided very clearly between the hilly Oesling of the . Another important physical feature is the southeast-northwest zone of windblown loess deposits that have accumulated from eastern Britain to Ukraine. The Iron Curtain took on the physical shape of border defenses, walls, and limited diplomacy. Geography of Europe Europe is traditionally defined as one of seven continents. The Danubian and northern Italian lowlands are thus mountain-ringed islands. The continent, excluding Russia, contains less than one-tenth of the total population of the world, but in general its people are well educated and highly skilled. 12. Eastward, mainland Europe widens much like the mouth of a funnel, until the boundary with Asia is reached at the Ural Mountains and Ural River, the Caspian Sea, and the Caucasus Mountains. 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Continent, but by a political body that represented its citizens Versace, and hill landforms dominate do from... The tsunamis they caused, were connected to and having a voice in your communitybecame the basic building of! During the Middle Ages, dominant European powers conquered the strategically important mountain territory the. Brands such as Valentino, Gucci, Versace, and brings people of different European backgrounds together climatic! Were unique in that they are not part of Turkey on the European continent as! Of European geography include its longest beach the longest beach civic engagement 501 ( ).
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