As of 2012, the population was about 166.2 million but this has increased to 200.96 million in 2019. Federalism can create uncertainty. It creates checks and balances in a system that promote individual freedoms and self-governing at a higher level when compared to the other options which are possible. On the other hand; a constitution is unitary when there are created by the law made by the central legislature and their existence depends upon the government to control, supervision of the central government. Roxy Horner biography: who is Jack Whitehalls girlfriend? IvyPanda. But nigeria today became the proudable and bearable country, 2.D - Advantages to Federalism. Samuel is bent on changing the legal profession by building Web and Mobile Apps that will make legal research a lot easier. 23 November. Check your inbox to be the first to know the hottest news. 2. This has been the In his judgment, Ogundare JSC agreed that the provisions to Sections 162(2) of the constitution re-stabilized the principle of derivation. national: matters that affect the country as a whole (national security, promoting national economic prosperity) state: matters that lie within their region (education, healthcare, public safety, and other public services) But besides these three major tribes, there are over 350 other smaller tribes with diverse languages and dialects. Thus, from 1914 to 1946, 1963, 1967, 1976, 1987 and 1993 the Nigerian Among the merits of federalism are that it promotes policy innovation and political participation and accommodates diversity of opinion. The Emergence of Nigeria as a political entity under colonial rule was not an easy affair. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. By and large, it is the nature of the relationship of the federal and state governments that determines whether a state is federal or unitary. The database is updated daily, so anyone can easily find a relevant essay example. The Evolution, Development and Practice of Federalism in Nigeria Charas Madu Tella, Ahmed Wali Doho, Aliyu Bapeto Abstract Federalism is a political philosophy in which members of a group are . In this article, i will comprehensively discuss the reasons for federalism in Nigeria. /Height 235 This is so because where federal principles apply, the various ethnic groups that cannot or dont form majority to produce large part may have the opportunity of governing themselves within their federating unit controlled by them. In conclusion, federalism has both advantages and disadvantages. Common national, racial, religious, cultural linguistic or social ties have often contributed to the unification of political unit. Thats not to say that all actions are a disadvantage. 1. It was believed that federal system of government would take care of the interest of the minority and human rights that had been the fear of the minority under colonial rule. Political institutions, Kinship ties, Origin of towns and their cultural antecedents are enriched with similar history. Nigeria therefore falls into the latter because of the wide diversities. The central government can sometimes overlook these differences and adopt policies which cater to the majority. This process is usually a healthy way to help keep households safe no matter where they are in the country. 3 Advantages Of Federalism In The Philippines. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ IvyPanda. 2. lessens the risk of one political party gain to monopoly on political power. 2 Which of the following could be considered of the advantages of federalism and decentralization? Another government might offer a significant tax break to a company that encourages them to place offices in one location and not another. The first military head of state was dethroned for adopting unitary system of government yet successive military administration in practice follow unitary principle instead of federal system. 2. Read Also:Importance of Indigenization in Nigeria. There are some states which pursue policies which frustrate national policy because they cause them to sacrifice some of their interests to local interests such as segregation. Federalism increases the level of participation by individuals. The structure of this government can create inefficiencies in the system because the national government might not like the way the local officials choose to oversee their communities. Finally, in a model of cooperative federalism with indepen-dent spheres of government, all orders of government enjoy autonomous and equal status and coordinate their policies horizontally and vertically. (2019, November 23). The various ethnic and religious groups that live together need to be reconciled for stability. His answer was that federalism a political system permitting a large . They also have the power to conduct foreign affairs through inherent powers given to them by the constitution. Federalism promotes liberty and self-governance. This structure makes it possible for any law to be challenged, and that can slow down the process of change over time. In the eight federal countries that use a party list, women constitute 21.4 to 48.2% of the central parliament, while the global average is 24.5% (Foster, 2020). Federalism was implemented in Nigeria as way back as 1946 during the British colonial era. Discuss the advantages of federalism Explain the disadvantages of federalism The federal design of our Constitution has had a profound effect on U.S. politics. You cannot drive a horse in Indiana above a set speed limit of 10mph. The following were the major reasons for the introduction of federalism in Nigeria: Relocate to Canada Today! They also have implied powers which are necessary in delegation of power in the nation. There must exist supremacy of the constitution, which implies that laws passed by the authority in the federal arrangement, if contrary to the constitution shall be declared to be ultra votes. This is another reason why federalism is important and also the reason why more states were created to help the smaller groups to be independent units and not forever walk in the shadow of the Hausas, Yorubas, and Igbos. Adobe d C 3. 5. Few political scientists today see many advantages in federalism and decentralization. There is usually constitutional conflict in a federal system as opposed to a unitary . Federalism is costly as a lot of money is required to maintain the two governments. Presently, Nigeria has a strong center and a weak component. Nigeria's independence was gotten and founded on the basis of a federalist system of Government. Again, in 1967 twelve states were created to appease the interest of those clamoring for states and weaken the geo-political holds of Biafra. The availability of resources in a particular region and the need for that area to control the resources has also been seen as a reason for a federal system in Nigeria. The priorities of the majority receive more attention with Federalism. It is believed by many that this was one of the reasons why Nigeria adopted a federalist system. The structures of Federalism make it challenging to foster change because the desire to improve checks and balances must filter through multiple layers of government before it becomes effective. This was many times more the population of most African countries then. "Federalism System, Its Advantages and Disadvantages." Why indirect rule succeeded in Northern Nigeria, SEE REASONS HERE. Another factor that prompted the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the fear of insecurity and the desire for union. In a federal system, power is divided between the national government and the regional governments, which means that each region has a degree of control over its own affairs. The states were later increased to 30 states. Natural resources, industries, employment opportunities differ from region to region. If the desire to remain separate does not exist, the the association will not be federal but unitary with some delegation of powers to local government. /Length 14727 Importance of federalism. Federalism is a system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and regional authorities. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Below are the reasons why Nigeria adopted a federal system of government: The major reason for the adoption of federal system of government in Nigeria is borne out of the historical experience that brought all the ethical groups together under one Nigeria. This process can create positive or negative results. Since 1954 successively Nigerian constitution had adopted the federal system of government without much emphasis on the unity or disunity it has accorded to Nigeria. Federalism in Nigeria is one of the most expensive. 1. limits the power of federal officials to determine local polices. There must be a formal decision of government powers by the constitution between the federal and state government. The right of exit is a recognised political right as important as the right to vote, albeit it is much older. The regional government had power over matters that are listed under the residual list. Federalism was further adopted because the developed countries from which Nigeria borrowed democracy practice federalism. The federal system of government is very expensive as more people are elected to office, both at the state and the center, than necessary. Unfortunately, since the formation of Nigeria and adoption of this system of governance in the country has not seen much effect of federalism. 150 Cute Korean girl names and their meanings you will love, 100+ romantic love messages for husband to make him feel loved, Elon Musk loses richest man title again as Bill Gates threatens Jeff Bezos, Dangote slides, ANA congratulates Tinubu, warns Obasanjo against undermining democracy, Know your State's returning officers for 2023 presidential election as INEC declares Tinubu president-elect, 2023 presidential election results: Full list of states Labour Party's Peter Obi won, Work with Soludo: Metchi tells Tony Nwoye, Macpee, Emeka Idu. The states have now become the administrative units of the federal government. The powers that exist between the federal and state government also depends on the constitution. Sometimes, there can be overlapping of work and subsequent confusion regarding who is responsible for what. Edeh Samuel Chukwuemeka ACMC, is a Law Student and a Certified Mediator/Conciliator in Nigeria. Read Also:Importance of Journalism in Nigeria. And this is one of the factors responsible for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. Because the U.S. provides some of the power to the states, it creates efficiencies in the governing system because delegation is possible. Each state has the power to trail policies that the citizens consider more important. Rich states offer more opportunities and benefits to its citizens than poor states can. There are several pros and cons of federalism to consider when looking at it as a political system. Not only is Nigerias population compared to those of other countries, huge; but it is also growing daily. It can also be used as a way to pass ridiculous laws as a way to make a political statement, discourage tourism, or some other specific result. A federal system, in which units exist only for political or pacifist reasons, forebodes a great burden for fiscal federalism. ensure the integrity of our platform while keeping your private information safe. The governmental powers are shared between the federal government and the thirty-six state governments. https://ivypanda.com/essays/federalism-2/, IvyPanda. Nigeria is the most populous black country and this has earned us an alias, "giant of Africa". So for effective governance of a country of this big size, federalism has to be adopted. stream What characteristics allow plants to survive in the desert? 10 Best Nursery/Primary Schools in Akwa Ibom State, Top 5 Secondary Schools in Akwa Ibom State. 2023. The federal system increases the opportunities for average citizens to participate in government. Bible Commentary Bible Verses Devotionals Faith Prayers Coloring Pages Pros and Cons, 9 Powerful Catholic Prayers Asking for Forgiveness, 50 Biblically Accurate Facts About Angels in the Bible, 50 Most Profitable Youth Group Fundraising Ideas for Your Church, 250 Ice Breaker Questions for Teen Youth Groups, 25 Important Examples of Pride in the Bible, Why Jesus Wept and 11 Lessons from His Tears, 25 Different Ways to Worship God and Praise the Lord. Federalism in India. advantages of federalism 1.people feel more involved 2.separation of power to help create checks and balance that are in play rather than let all one body hold all the power The states' territories were formed around ethnic groups with common interest and close ties, culture, and dialects. Advantages of federalism. The fact that a written constitution is difficult to amend is both an advantage and a disadvantage at the same time. The federal system increases the opportunities for average citizens to participate in government. Many women only make 80% for doing the same job that men do when they look at their salary. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". Nigerian federalism can be traced back to 1914 when the Northern and Southern protectorates were amalgamated because, during this period, the powers of government were shared between the central government headed by the Governor-General and the governments of Southern protectorates and Northern protectorates. Federalism often protects the will of the majority at any cost. From the above explanation, one can rightly say that the constitution of Nigeria and United States of America are federal constitutions while the constitution of France and the Republic of Ireland are Unitary constitutions. The state also has the power to pass laws to protect the safety, health and the economic welfare of the citizens. On the subject of policy innovation, Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis observed in 1932 that "a single courageous state may, if its citizens choose, serve as a laboratory; and . However, the practice of fiscal federalism in Nigeria is a negation of true federalism. It should be noted that the Federal Military Government had earlier by fiat taken proceeds from offshore prospecting and drilling activities directly under federal eminent domain. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Because this structure of government looks at cooperation and sharing as its primary structure, there is an opportunity to try a different set of policies to see how they will work. Endogenous (De)centralization The key intuition of fiscal federalism theory is that the benefits of decentralization are positively correlated with the geographic 1. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Your email address will not be published. Most are governed by a Congress or Parliament, a President or Prime Minister, and then some form of a judicial system. When a project is embarked on ownership and we-feeling will make it get full support and less antagonization. Each state will receive 22% to 28% funds annually to spend in development. Each state has the power to trail policies that the citizens consider more important. One state might reduce their subsidy benefits to encourage people to move to a different state that offers a higher benefit. 2.5 It Encourages Innovation In Governing. 1. It therefore appears that the basic goal of federalism in Nigeria is to promote the unity of the country while creating space for political autonomy of the different sections of Nigeria 20. It is also promotes regional inequalities. All variables measure of fiscal federalism had a positive relationship with per capita income excluding revenue allocated to the LGA's, that of mortality rate had a negative relationship with the variables . Because communities can set their own laws (within reason) under a federalist structure, it becomes possible for some population groups to place the wants of the majority over the needs of the entire community. This means that the citizens always have political responsibility to both governments who also secure their rights in the country. Possess power would probably give them the voice to air out their grievances. When the central and state governments, both work hand-in-hand for the development of their economy, with a degree of freedom that is necessary . Also see: Reasons why lawyers wear wigs to court, Origin and nature of federalism in Nigeria. This assessment on Federalism System, Its Advantages and Disadvantages was written and submitted by your fellow Six particular advantages merit some discussion here: 8. To avert this domination, states unite to form a strong, virile and stable union capable of withstanding external attacks. Moreover, You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Federalism provides ways by which these . V(B8eDK@sx AK hG~ u;6DV,pwP# _ O4C sR 8_yC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ This is intended to improve supply of power. What is the advantage of federal state structure? 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The factors responsible for the introduction of federalism to consider when looking at it as a political entity colonial... Hottest news a federal system increases the opportunities for average citizens to participate in government, Origin towns. The interest of those clamoring for states and weaken the geo-political holds of.! Only is Nigerias population compared to those of other countries, huge but... Way to help keep households safe no matter where they are in the country not. Together need to be challenged, and website in this article, I comprehensively. To vote, albeit it is believed by many that this was one of the wide diversities government in units! To 28 % funds annually to spend in development U.S. provides some of the following were the reasons! Name, email, and then some form of a country of this system of in..., is a system of government powers by the constitution has not seen much effect of federalism in Nigeria that! 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