After in inquest where other incidents of Hickoks brand of frontier justice was revealed, he was relieved of his duties. For more on American historysubscribe to All About History for as little as 26. Red objects generally appear black in early photographs, as the photographic processes were insensitive to red light. [6][35] Witnesses confirm that while working as a scout at Fort Harker, Kansas, on May 11, 1867, Hickok was attacked by a large group of Indians, who fled after he shot and killed two. He usually sat with his back to a wall so he could see the entrance, but the only seat available when he joined the game was a chair facing away from the door. Joseph J. [77][78] A print of the film is maintained in the Museum of Modern Art film archive.[79]. "Wild Bill and the Timber Thieves. Few could help her verify the truth, and Jean McCormick was of little help. The incident began when David McCanles, his brother William and several farmhands came to the station demanding payment for a property that had been bought from him. Why were some shotguns called Greeners by cowboys in the Old West. [46]:4558[48] A newspaper reported, "A man was killed in his bed at a hotel in Abilene, Monday night, by a desperado called 'Arkansas'. [18] On March 22, 1858, he was elected one of the first four constables of Monticello Township. To date, four children have been credited to the lady, although some of the claims have come from the children themselves. There are many versions of the shootout that occurred at Rock Creek on July 12, 1861, shortly after the start of the Civil War, and all, in one way or another, contributed to Hickoks legend. He was bedridden for four months before being sent to Rock Creek Station in the Nebraska Territory to work as a stable hand while he recovered. At the end of the trial, Judge Sempronius H. Boyd told the jury they could not find Hickok acted in self-defense if he could have reasonably avoided the fight. [68], As I write the closing lines of this brief sketch, word reaches me that the slayer of Wild Bill has been rearrested by the United State [sic?] [69] In 1979, Hickok was inducted into the Poker Hall of Fame. But Coe "reckoned without his host". Under the name "Wild Bill Hitchcock" [sic], the article recounted the "hundreds" of men whom Hickok had personally killed and other exaggerated exploits. Drawn to this ruffian lifestyle, he headed west at age 18 as a fugitive from justice, working as a stagecoach driver and later as a lawman in the frontier territories of Kansas and Nebraska. A later film (1953) and subsequent stage musical, both titled Calamity Jane, also portray a romance between Calamity Jane and Hickok. The family did some moving around during this time period and the next child, James Butler Hickok, was born in May of 1837. McCall alleged that John Varnes, a Deadwood gambler, had paid him to murder Wild Bill. Despite his reputation,[70] Hickok was buried in the Ingelside Cemetery, Deadwood's original graveyard. The Bull's Head Saloon in Abilene had been established by gambler Ben Thompson and Coe, his partner, businessman, and fellow gambler. By Tyler MacDonald / May 18, 2021 9:31 am EST. The cards Hickok had been holding when he was shot and killeda pair of black aces and a pair of black eights plus an unknown fifth cardbecame known as the Dead Mans Hand.. Within a month of the birth, newspapers tracked her to a hurdy-gurdy house in Livingston. Di Certo is the author of ten books and composer of three albums of children's songs. She said she was the daughter of Jane and Wild Bill Hickok, and was born in a cabin near Livingston, Montana in 1873. At the time, shooting stray dogs within city limits was legal, and a 50-cent bounty was paid by the city for each one shot. During the Civil War, he served as a wagon master, scout, detective, courier, and spy. In 1876, Wild Bill Hickok was suffering from glaucoma. Circa 1890. (Not Really) Roughing It on the Mark Twain Trail, A Song of Praise for a Forgotten Folklore Collector, John Waynes Silver Screen Shootin Irons. [3][4] James was the fourth of six children. He drove freight wagons and coaches. [81], Hickok's birthplace is now the Wild Bill Hickok Memorial and is a listed historic site under the supervision of the Illinois Historic Preservation Agency. Quay House, The Ambury, [36][37], In December 1867, newspapers reported that Hickok had come to stay in Hays City, Kansas. BA1 1UA On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. This was claimed after he was killed during a poker game on Aug. 2, 1876. According to Joseph G. Rosa, Hickok's biographer and the foremost authority on Wild Bill, Hickok killed only six or seven men in gunfights. [45], Hickok later said he did not know that "Wesley Clemmons" was Hardin's alias, and that he was a wanted outlaw. This was his sixth murder. Charlie Utter, Hickok's friend and companion, claimed Hickok's body and placed a notice in the local newspaper, the Black Hills Pioneer, which read: Died in Deadwood, Black Hills, August 2, 1876, from the effects of a pistol shot, J. Not a word was uttered. Keith Bell Manchester, United Kingdom Calamity Jane never married Wild Bill Hickok. Hickoks growing reputation for fairness and courage earned him, in 1858, a position as a constable in Monticello, Kansas. [citation needed], Buffalo Bill claimed that he encountered Hickok disguised as a Confederate officer in Missouri in 1864. It was the last word on a true child of one of the wildest women of the west. John McCall ( / mkl / ); (1852/1853 - March 1, 1877), also known as " Crooked Nose " or " Broken Nose Jack ", was the murderer of Old West legend Wild Bill Hickok. "[56], Martha Jane Cannary, known popularly as Calamity Jane, claimed in her autobiography that she was married to Hickok and had divorced him so he could be free to marry Agnes Lake, but no records that support her account have been found. He was released on $2,000 bail and stood trial on August 3, 1865. was advancing on him with a drawn pistol and that Tutt had previously made threats of personal injury to Deft. In 1871 he took over as the marshal of the tough cow town of Abilene, Kansas. This made it difficult for the men to carry the remains to the new site. 2 Revolver on Offer at Bonhams This Fall", "Wild Bill Hickok's Death-Day Revolver Fails to Sell at California Auction", "Wild-Bill-Hickok - Trailer - Cast - Showtimes", "Josh Brolin as James Butler Hickok (aka Wild Bill)", https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0028/2964/7961/files/Deadwood_1876_Rules_English.pdf?4346553514003986582, Black Hills War, or Great Sioux War (1876), Cheyenne-Black Hills Stage Route (18761887), Sidney-Black Hills Stage Road (18761887), Rapid City, Black Hills and Western Railroad (18931947), Fossil Cycad National Monument (19221957), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wild_Bill_Hickok&oldid=1141945329, All articles with bare URLs for citations, Articles with bare URLs for citations from March 2022, Articles with PDF format bare URLs for citations, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using infobox person with multiple parents, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from July 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2015, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, James B. Hickok, J.B. Hickok, Shanghai Bill, William Hickok, William Haycock, Bird, Roy (1979). His exploits as a gunfighter, scout, and lawman were legendary and he became the topic of many fictionalized accounts. In any case, Hardin appeared to have thought highly of Hickok. A former cavalryman, J.W. As the scene unfolded, McCanles entered the station, and, from behind the curtain that divided it in two, either Hickok or Wellman shot McCanles. Last, there is Jessiethe most credible of Calamity Janes daughters. For the next several years, Hickok worked as a stagecoach driver. He later became a lawman before settling down in Deadwood, South Dakota where he would soon meet his death. Hickok had a large impact on American history because of his life and death. In the Frederic Remington illustration of The Sentinel, is the mission San Xavier del Bac? "[49], Hickok and Phil Coe, a saloon owner and acquaintance of Hardin's, had a dispute that resulted in a shootout. They performed together until Bill was tragically murdered in 1869. [64], Hickok was playing five-card stud or five-card draw when he was shot. Hickok never fought in another gun battle. [26]:329 Hickok did not enjoy acting, and often hid behind scenery. (If said child had actually existed, he or she was said to . It was here that he supposedly became romantically linked to Martha Jane Canary, also known as "Calamity Jane," but most historians discount any such amorous relationship between the two. Notorious Old West gunmen John Wesley Hardin and James Butler Hickok, also known as "Wild Bill," began as friends. Since he was actually shot in the back of the head, that plot element is a complete artifice of the episode writers. [1][2], James Butler Hickok was born May 27, 1837, in Homer, Illinois, (present-day Troy Grove, Illinois) to William Alonzo Hickok, a farmer and abolitionist, and his wife, Polly Butler. They refused, so Hickok altered it himself. In the Clint Eastwood movie Hang em High, a tumbleweed wagon picks up prisoners to haul them off to jail. [38], On September 1, 1868, Hickok was in Lincoln County, Kansas, where he was hired as a scout by the 10th Cavalry Regiment, a segregated African-American unit. Hickok's retort is one of the West's most famous sayings (though possibly apocryphal): "Did the crow have a pistol? There, again, he killed several men, including his deputy marshal, whose deaththe result of an accidental shootingled to Hickoks dismissal. A legend during his life and considered one of the American west's premier gunfighters, James Butler ("Wild Bill") Hickok was born May 27, 1837, in Troy Grove, Illinois. [51], Hickok was relieved of his duties as marshal less than two months after the accidental shooting, this incident being only one of a series of questionable shootings and claims of misconduct during his career. Hickok lost a gold watch to Tutt in a poker game. Hickok saved Cody from getting beaten by another man and the two became longtime pals. Less than a month after Hickok's death, the trial was found to have no legal status because Deadwood was located in Indian Territory - McCall's acquittal was deemed invalid. Wild Bill Hickok begins to establish his reputation as a gunfighter after he shoots three men during a shootout in Nebraska. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. At Bridger, Montana, Jane moved in with a cowboy named Robert Dorsett. His reputation as a gunfighter gave rise to legends and tales about his life. . [50] The two entrepreneurs had painted a picture of a bull with a large erect penis on the side of their establishment as an advertisement. ", "James Butler Hickok May 27 1837 - August 2 1876 Better known as "Wild Bill" Hickok", "James Butler 'Wild Bill' Hickok, Early Deadwood", "Nebraska Legends: Rock Creek Station and the McCanles Massacre", "Chronology on Life of James Butler HICKOK, Wild Bill Hickok, Old West Kansas", "Rock Creek Station State Historical Park", "Legal Culture, Wild Bill Hickok and the Gunslinger Myth", "Myths and Realities of Frontier Violence: A Look at the Gunfighter Saga", "Frontier Hero - Reminiscences of Wild Bill Hickok by his old Friend Buffalo Bill", "The State Journal (Jefferson City, Mo. Horace Hickok was born in October of 1834. Good bye, Colorado Charlie, C. H. Utter. A month or so later, he left their honeymoon in Cincinnati for the goldfields of the Black Hills in the Dakota Territory, where he hoped to make enough money to send for her. Alonzo and Polly Hickok moved to Illinois in 1833, finally settling in Troy Grove (known as Homer at the time), LaSalle County, along the banks of the Little Vermillion Creek. He died in 1887. Calamity Jane was reported to have been buried next to Hickok according to her dying wish. In one show, he shot the spotlight when it focused on him. Wild Bill had learned of the scheme and cornered Coe, had his two pistols drawn on Coe. Did Old West houses have outhouses, and were public facilities available? Not wasting a second, he quietly drew his revolver and shot Hickok in the back of the head, instantly killing him. Macintosh of irregularities and misconduct during the election. Mulvey angrily declared that he had come to town to kill Hickok. [21] Hickok subsequently visited McCanles' widow, apologized for the killing, and offered her $35 in restitution, all the money he had with him at the time. During the Civil War he found employment as a teamster and spy for the Union Army. But the U.S. marshals were on his trail and McCall was arrested on August 29, 1876 in Laramie, where he was held before he was extradited to Yankton, South Dakota. 2, serial number 29963, a .32 rimfire with a six-inch barrel, blued finish, and varnished rosewood grips. Wild Bill Hickok is remembered for his services in Kansas as sheriff of Hays City and marshal of Abilene, where his ironhanded rule helped to tame two of the most lawless towns on the frontier. The first major description of the incident appeared in Harpers New Monthly Magazine in February 1867, six years after the fact, written by Col. George Ward Nichols, who claimed to have been told the story by Hickok in 1865. Citizens warned Mulvey to behave, because Hickok was sheriff. Around this time, young James Hickok began using his father's name of William - the 'Wild' part came later - and he also met Buffalo Bill Cody, then just a messenger boy on a wagon train. The episode correctly relates Hickok's vision problems late in his life, and also includes his murderer, Jack McCall, in a highly fictionalized role. He was found not guilty by a miners court after telling judges that Hickok killed his brother, though later accounts showed McCall had no brothers. Following his Civil War service, Wild Bill Hickok moved to Kansas where he was appointed sheriff in Hays City and marshal of Abilene. Writing in 1911, he detailed his admiration for Hickok and included a paragraph on the shooting that differs considerably from the reported account: "Phil" Coe was from Texas, ran the "Bull's Head" a saloon and gambling den, sold whiskey and men's souls. Wild Bill Hickok was an American folk hero. Entdecke Bill O'Reilly's Legends and Lies: The Real West - Hardcover - GOOD in groer Auswahl Vergleichen Angebote und Preise Online kaufen bei eBay Kostenlose Lieferung fr viele Artikel! In 1941, Jean Hickok McCormick appeared in Billings, Montana. That derisive nickname may have been given to him by David McCanles, who had sold the buildings that became the Pony Expresss Rock Creek station, on credit, to Russell, Majors and Waddell. Hickok's brother, Lorenzo Butler, traveled from Illinois to attend the retrial. Later that year he became a teamster with the great freighting enterprise Russell, Majors and Waddell, creators of the Pony Express, for which he was too tall and heavy to be a rider. One story claimed he killed a bear with his bare hands and a bowie knife. They had ivory grips and nickel plating, and were ornately engraved with "J.B. Hickok1869" on the backstrap. Against the bloody backdrop of the uniquely volatile point in history, both killers earned a reputation for viciousness. He seemed to have respect for Hickok's abilities and replied, "If Bill needs killing, why don't you kill him yourself? The original wooden grave marker was moved to the new site, but by 1891, it had been destroyed by souvenir hunters whittling pieces from it, and it was replaced with a statue. Wild Bill Hickok, byname of James Butler Hickok, (born May 27, 1837, Homer [now Troy Grove], Illinois, U.S.died August 2, 1876, Deadwood, Dakota Territory [now in South Dakota, U.S.]), American frontiersman, army scout, and lawman who helped bring order to the frontier West. On August 2, 1876, Wild Bill Hickok died a sudden, violent death while gambling in a saloon in Deadwood, South Dakota. The new trial was held in Yankton, the capital of the Dakota Territory. [7] Photographs of Hickok appear to depict dark hair, but all contemporaneous descriptions affirm that it was red. Hickok was assigned to bring the men to Topeka for trial, and he requested a military escort from Fort Hays. [20], On July 12, 1861, David McCanles went to the Rock Creek Station office to demand an overdue property payment from Horace Wellman, the station manager. Later historians, however, have presented a radically different portrayal of the events at Rock Creek. [58] Jane confirmed this account in an 1896 newspaper interview, although she claimed she had been hospitalized with illness rather than in the guardhouse. He is said to have wrestled a bear The incident helped contribute to the overall failure of the show. What do you know about Pete Spence, a member of the Cowboys of Tombstone? Visit our corporate site. ", Nichols, George Ward (1867). Jessie later said that the Deadwood Chief of Police wrote her about Janes death in 1903. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Foxs visit coincided with the few weeks Jessie actually attended St. Edwards Academy in Deadwood. In an instant, he pulled the triggers again sending two bullets into Coe's abdomen (Coe lived a day or two) and whirling with his two guns drawn on the drunken crowd of cowboys, "and now do any of you fellows want the rest of these bullets?" Fox met Jessie when she interviewed Jane for an article in Illustrated American magazine. This incident added to his fame as a gunslinger, which skyrocketed when journalist and later explorer Sir Henry Morton Stanley reported as fact in the New York Herald in 1867 Hickoks exaggerated claim that he had killed 100 men. The second trial was not considered double jeopardy because of the irregular jury in the first trial and because Deadwood was at the time in unorganized Indian country. The watch had great sentimental value to Hickok, so he asked Tutt not to wear it in public. Also in 1995, he's depicted as a character in an episode of Legend (TV series) by William Russ, possibly most famous for his role in Wiseguy (TV series). 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