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[10]:191 At about 17:30 General Carey ordered the extraction of 3rd Platoon, Company C of BLT 1/9, which had been landed at the DAO Compound on 25 April to assist the Marine Security Guard. A total of 1,373 Americans and over 5,600 South Vietnamese nationals were . [6]:103 At 00:30 on 30 April, thermite grenades, having been previously placed in selected buildings, ignited as two CH-53s left the DAO parking lot carrying the last elements of BLT 2/4. Shipmates would fight for that ship. In addition, two CH-46s would provide medical evacuation capabilities while AH-1J SeaCobras would fly cover for the transport helicopters and for any ground units who requested support. for the same service. They were evacuated to Bangkok on 1 August 1976. operation, are eligible for the Vietnam Service Medal (VSM). This office can identify awards earned by Navy units. Armed Forces Expeditioanry Medal (AFEM) for such service. should be submitted to CNO/CMC, via the commander who exercised [6]:8587, In preparation for the evacuation, the American Embassy had distributed a 15-page booklet called SAFE, short for "Standard Instruction and Advice to Civilians in an Emergency." [10]:187, The air wings of USS Enterprise and USS Coral Sea, were ready to provide close air support and anti-aircraft suppression if required with their A-6 and A-7 attack aircraft, and would provide continuous fighter cover the evacuation route including by VF-1 and VF-2, flying from Enterprise with the first combat deployment of the new F-14A Tomcat. The biggest problem occurred when the ARVN unit guarding the main gate at Tan Son Nhut refused to allow the last convoy of buses into the DAO Compound at about 17:45. [6]:118 Other helicopters dropped off their passengers and were then ditched into the sea by their pilots, close to the ships, their pilots bailing out at the last moment to be picked up by rescue boats. (d) Public Law 107-314 of 2 December 2002 stipulates that personnel who were awarded the Armed Forces Expeditioanry Medal (AFEM) for their participation in Operation FREQUENT WIND, during the period 29 to 30 April 1975, may elect the Vietnam Service Medal (VSM) in lieu of the Armed Forces Expeditioanry Medal (AFEM) for such service. [6]:46 The fall of Xun Lc on 21 April and the resignation of President Nguyn Vn Thiu on 21 April brought greater crowds seeking evacuation to the DAO Compound as it became apparent that South Vietnam's days were numbered. [6]:81 Some RVNAF aircraft stayed to continue to fight the advancing PAVN. On 23 April President Ferdinand Marcos of the Philippines announced that no more than 2,500 Vietnamese evacuees would be allowed in the Philippines at any one time, further increasing the strain on MAC which now had to move evacuees out of Saigon and move some 5,000 evacuees from Clark Air Base on to Guam, Wake Island and Yokota Air Base. serving, for one or more days, with an organization V. Vietnam Counter-offensive I11 01 Jun 67 to 29 Jan 68 Operation FREQUENT WIND 29 Apr 75 to 30 Apr 75 [20]:30, At 14:06 two UH-1E Huey helicopters carrying General Carey and Colonel Alfred M. Gray Jr. (commander of Regimental Landing Team 4 (RLT4)) landed at the DAO Compound. [21]:7 At 03:00 Ambassador Martin ordered Major Kean to move all the remaining evacuees into the parking lot LZ which was the Marines' final perimeter. Brigadier General Richard E. Carey, commander of the 9th MAB, flew to Saigon the next day to see Ambassador Martin; he later said, "The visit was cold, non-productive and appeared to be an irritant to the Ambassador". During the course of the operation an unknown number of RVNAF helicopters flew out of what remained of South Vietnam to the fleet. Vietnam Counter-offensive VII 01 Jul 70 to 30 Jun 71 [6]:34, Throughout April, the "thinning out" proceeded slowly, largely because the South Vietnamese government was slow to issue papers allowing Americans to take Vietnamese dependents with them, with the result that MAC aircraft were often departing empty. Attached to or regularly instances where the local commander certifies a particular and [20]:20, So many RVNAF helicopters landed on the TF76 ships that some 45 UH-1 Hueys and at least one CH-47 Chinook were pushed overboard to make room for more helicopters to land. [10]:197, 9th MAB intelligence photo of the DAO Compound with LZs marked, 9th MAB post-operation map of the DAO Compound and Air America Compound with LZs marked, A Marine provides security as helicopters land at the DAO Compound, Vietnamese evacuees board a CH-53 at LZ 39, Aerial reconnaissance photos of the destroyed DAO Headquarters building with Air America Compound in the foreground, On 25 April, 40 Marines from the 9th MAB on USS Hancock were flown in by Air America helicopters in civilian clothes to the DAO compound to augment the 18 Marine Security Guards assigned to defend the embassy; an additional six Marines were assigned to protect Ambassador Martin. On 28 April, Tan Son Nhut Air Base (next to the airport) came under artillery fire and attack from Vietnamese People's Air Force aircraft. We also conducted a brief search of the catalog using the terms Operation Frequent Wind, Operation Eagle Pull, and Agent Orange. The stem of the palm is to the wearer's right." . 111. a. After receiving permission from the airborne commander, the Wild Weasel marked the three 57-mm sites with an AGM-45 Shrike missile and took evasive action to escape the tracers coming in. Official U.S. Marine Corps photograph, now in the collections of the National Archives. [10]:196 The plan for the evacuation included stationing buses and American civilian bus drivers at 28 buildings throughout metropolitan Saigon. Marine corporals McMahon and Judge, killed at the DAO compound, were the only members of US forces killed in action during the operation and they were the last US ground casualties in Vietnam. When the operation ceased on May 2, the Vietnamese Navy group set sail for reception centers in the Philippines and Guam in Operation New Life. This award may also be conferred upon units of Armed Forces of friendly foreign nations serving with the Armed Forces of the United States for outstanding performance in action, provided that such units shall meet the standards established for the Armed Forces of the United States. Bronze Arrowhead (Army), For current prices select the image or one of the following links, Military Medals and Military Ribbons links, Official Military Ribbons-- provides information and links for. [2]:92. Only one award per operation is authorized. Vietnam FREQUENT WIND - Evacuation. In addition, the Vietnamese relatives of American citizens and senior Government of Vietnam officials and their dependents (about 600,000 people) were also identified as potential evacuees, along with Vietnamese formerly employed by the U.S. and their dependents. Harnage leaned out of the Huey and helped approximately 15 evacuees board the Huey from the narrow helipad. The Air America pilot shut down his helicopter and left it. [20] Air America helicopters started flying to the rooftop LZs in Saigon and either shuttled the evacuees back to the DAO Compound or flew out to the ships of TF76. [10]:191192, The HMH-462 CH-53s loaded with evacuees and left the compound, they unloaded the first evacuees delivered by Operation Frequent Wind at 15:40. [4], Evacuation plans are standard for American embassies. To justify this award, the service performed as a unit must be of a character comparable to that which would merit the award of the Bronze Star Medal, or achievement of like caliber in a non-combat situation, to an individual. Awarded to all members of the Armed Forces of the United States serving at anytime between 03Jul1965 and 28Mar1973 in the area defined under the Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal (AFEM) for Vietnam. authorized. NHHC Photograph Collection, Navy Subject Files. Many of the Vietnamese evacuees were allowed to enter the United States under the Indochina Migration and Refugee Assistance Act. They quickly established an austere command post in preparation for the arrival of the Marine CH-53s and the ground security force. XV . Some 400 evacuees were left behind at the embassy including over 100 South Korean citizens; among them was Brigadier General Dai Yong Rhee, the intelligence chief at the South Korean Embassy in Saigon. When U.S. President Gerald Ford met with the National Security Council on 9 April 1975 he was told by Henry Kissinger that a maximum of 1.7 million people had been identified as possible evacuees and that these included: American citizens and their relatives, the diplomatic corps, the International Commission of Control and Supervision (ICCS), third-country nationals under contract by the U.S. government and the employees of the U.S. and their dependents (estimated at about 200,000 people). On that final day, USAF aircraft flew a total of 1,422 sorties over Saigon. [14]:567 A Marine AH-1J SeaCobra ran out of fuel while searching for USS Okinawa and ditched at sea, the two crew members were rescued by a boat from USS Kirk. [16] Japanese journalists, concerned that they would not recognize the tune, had to get someone to sing it to them. Ambassador Martin soon sent word back to Major Kean that sorties would continue to be flown. In any case this effectively marked the end of the commercial airlift from Tan Son Nhut. (check below for additional Republic of Vietnam unit awards). Operation Frequent Wind was the final phase in the evacuation of American civilians and "at-risk" Vietnamese from Saigon, South Vietnam, before the takeover of the city by the North Vietnamese People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) in the Fall of Saigon. The staff of 9th MAB prescribed altitudes, routes, and checkpoints for flight safety for the operation. Note: [10]:179181, It was not known whether the PAVN and/or the ARVN would try to disrupt the evacuation and so the planners had to take all possible contingencies into account to ensure the safety and success of the evacuation. (c). The U.S. Embassy in Saigon was intended to only be a secondary evacuation point for embassy staff, but it was soon overwhelmed with evacuees and desperate South Vietnamese. When the evacuation is ordered, the code will be read out on Armed Forces Radio. Common questions about the Combat Action Ribbon and who rates it: (a). Go To Top of Page Go To Issue Regulations for Other Medals and Badges Her belongings will be tagged with the same number due to the language barrier between the refugees and Marines. XVI . authorized, shall remain qualified for the Armed Forces Expeditioanry Medal (AFEM). Aircraft flying air cover for the evacuation reported being tracked with surface to air radar in the vicinity of Bin Ha Air Base (which had fallen to the PAVN on 25 April), but there were no missile launches. Companies E and F respectively occupied the northern and southern sections between the DAO headquarters and the DAO Annex. Taken with other categories of Vietnamese, the number quickly passed 200,000. The command ship USS Blue Ridge (LCC-19) was located approximately 28 km from Vung Tau, Vietnam, at 1500 hrs on 29 April 1975. The operation ended at 0900 on April 30, and by noon that day, Communist flags waved over Saigon's Presidential Palace. [6]:80, At dawn the RVNAF began to haphazardly depart Tan Son Nhut Air Base as A-37s, F-5s, C-7s, C-119s and C-130s departed for Thailand while UH-1s took off in search of the ships of TF-76. But these restrictions were relaxed and eventually ignored altogether as the pace of the evacuation quickened. approved. Click on the units you served with to see eligibility for U.S. issued unit action awards At approximately 14:30, Air America Bell 205 serial number "N47004" landed on the roof of the Pittman Apartment Building at 22 Gia Long Street to collect a senior Vietnamese intelligence source and his family. Vietnam, Winter-Spring 1970 01 Nov 69 to 30 Apr 70 RVNAF F-5s took off in pursuit, but they were unable to intercept the A-37s. limit may be waived for personnel participating in actual combat Southeast Asia, from 1 March 1961 to 15 August 1973, (5). Evacuation of Phnom Penh and Saigon, April 29, 1975. More than 7,000 people were evacuated by helicopter from various points in Saigon. Vietnam (including Thailand) July 1, 1958, to July 3, 1965. SECNAVINST 1650.1F, Dated 8 August 1991. Commander Task Force 76 received the order to execute Operation Frequent Wind (initially Talon Vise), the evacuation of U.S. personnel and Vietnamese who might suffer as a result of their past service to the Allied effort. A third wave of two CH-53s from HMH-463 and eight USAF CH-53Cs and two USAF HH-53s of the 40th Aerospace Rescue and Recovery Squadron (all operating from USS Midway) arrived shortly afterwards. Join me as I look back 44 Years Earlier In 1973 America's fighting in Southeast Asia ended, placing the combat burden against North Vietnam squarely on the shoulders of the South Vietnamese Army (ARVN). [6]:34 American commercial and contract carriers continued to fly out of Tan Son Nhut, but with decreasing frequency. New National Museum of the U.S. Navy-October 2020, New National Museum of the U.S. Navy - October 2022, Exhibits: New National Museum of the U.S. Navy, Exhibits: New National Museum of the U.S. Navy - Main, The American Revolution and the French Alliance, The Forgotten Wars of the Nineteenth Century, Civil War: Securing the Seas for Union Victory, Education Resources (Lesson Plans and Class Activities), Education Resources (Lesson Plans and Class Activities) - Main, Sailor's Life at Sea & Poetry (Grades 4-6), DIVE! 11231 of 08 July 1965. Hancock was lovingly called Hanna and Fightin' Hanna by the crew. The U.S. government was continuing to observe its obligations under the Accords, notwithstanding the North Vietnamese invasion. All Air America flights had ceased by 21:00. To justify citation, the unit must have clearly rendered itself conspicuous by action of a character comparable to that which would merit the award of a Navy Cross to an individual. A South Vietnamese C-130 aircraft, trying to take off was hit by enemy SA-7 rockets and burns on the runway during the evacuation exercises in Saigon. Ships and units (c) Members qualified for the Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal (AFEM), by reason Guide to the Khanh Van Thi Nguyen Narrative on Operation Frequent Wind. 11231 of 8 July 1965. b. Vietnam Service Medal Eligibility Requirements. Such certification [21]:6, Inside the embassy, the evacuees had found whatever space was available inside the embassy compound and evacuees and some staff proceeded to take alcohol from the embassy's stores. area for which the Vietnam Service Medal (VSM) was subsequently Consolidation I1 01 Dec 71 to 29 Mar 72 2 Per reference (b) above, paragraph 14 (Page 2-20) of said reference states: (1). X. Tet 69 Counter-offensive 23 Feb 69 to 08 Jun 69 All of my awards were issued also. The service medal was awarded to all members of the armed forces who served in Vietnam and contiguous waters and airspace between 01 July 1958 and 28 March 1973. Consolidation I 01 Jul 71 to 30 Nov 71 [9] Thirteen Marines from the Marine Security Guard (MSG) detachment were deployed to the DAO Compound on 13 April to replace eight Marine guards who had been providing security after they were withdrawn from the closed Da Nang and Nha Trang consulates. An embassy official said that more than five million dollars were being burned. Moments later a RVNAF UH-1H attempted to land on the helipad, locked rotors with the Air America Bell, almost pushing it overboard. Click on unit logos above for eligibility. [6]:37 President Ford, in an address to the American public on 11 April, promised to evacuate Vietnamese civilians of various categories. Upon submission of evidence to their commanding officer, personnel who earned the Combat Infantryman Badge (CIB) or Combat Medical Badge (CMB) while a member of the US Army may be authorized to wear the CAR. Most of the Marines were inside the chancery when the crowds outside the embassy broke through the gates into the compound. The 9th Marine Amphibious Brigade (9th MAB), which was to supply helicopters and a security force for the evacuation, sent a delegation to consult with Ambassador Graham Martin on current plans on 12 April. The curtain of haze over Saigon so altered the diminished daylight that line of sight visibility was only a mile. [6]:22 Also on 1 April, Plan Alamo was implemented to defend the DAO compound and its annex so it could serve as a holding area for 1,500 evacuees for five days. They were the last American ground casualties in Vietnam. [30], For an operation of the size and complexity of Frequent Wind, casualties were relatively light. Chief of Naval Operations Personnel in riverine and coastal operations, assaults, patrols, sweeps, ambushes, convoys, amphibious landings, and similar activities who have participated in fire fights are eligible. [10]:182 This was the last USAF fixed-wing aircraft to leave Tan Son Nhut. The two enlisted crewmen survived, but the bodies of the pilots were not recovered. In addition, Air America helicopters and RVNAF aircraft brought additional evacuees to the TF76 ships. [6]:24 On 4 April, a C-5A aircraft carrying 250 Vietnamese orphans and their escorts suffered explosive decompression over the sea near Vng Tu and made a crash-landing while attempting to return to Tan Son Nhut; 153 people on board died in the crash. (a) Vietnam Service Medal is awarded to all members of the Armed Forces A C-130 Airborne Command and Control controlled all US air operations over land. Harnage boarded an Air America Huey from the Embassy's rooftop heliport and flew the short distance to the Pittman Building. of service between 1 July 1958 and 3 July 1965, inclusive, in an We located a number of references to photographs and documents primarily held by our colleagues at the National Archives at College Park, MD related to these subjects. [14]:30, At 17:00 the first CH-46 landed at the embassy. IV. [6]:99 The Hanoi leadership, reckoning that completion of the evacuation would lessen the risk of American intervention, had apparently instructed General Dng not to target the airlift itself. Also automatically authorized is the Humanitarian ServiceMedal. Two Marine CH-53 helicopters set down in a parking lot on the north edge of Saigon during the evacuation. [34] The USS Midway is a museum ship in San Diego. An award will not be made to a unit for actions of one or more of its component parts, unless such unit performed as a total team in a manner justifying the award. [25][26] The South Korean civilians were evacuated in 1976, while General Rhee and two other diplomats were held captive until April 1980. This meant that scattered clouds existed below their flight path while a solid layer of clouds more than two miles above their heads obscured the sun. 1 Considering the dates prescribed in the legislation, the following combat periods, which were approved under prior direction, are approved to consider awarding of the CAR: World War II 07 December 1941 through 14 April 1946, Korean War 27 June 1950 through 27 July 1954. The tail rotor sheared off and embedded itself in the engine of an Air America Bell 205 that was doing a hot refueling on the helipad at the rear of the ship. Writer Claude-Michel Schnberg has acknowledged that the musical was inspired by pictures of the evacuation. and 28 March 1973, in the area defined under the Armed Forces Squadrons or units embarked in a ship, [6]:121, Midway deck crew surround Major Buang and his family, At the same time as the aerial evacuation, tens of thousands of South Vietnamese fled towards TF-76 aboard junks, sampans, and small craft. ships or units, and who actually participated in the given [10]:201, During the demolition of the embassy, the metal staircase leading from the rooftop to the helipad was removed and sent back to the United States, where it is now on display at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Museum. No BS, just fact.. Personnel in clandestine or special operations such as reconnaissance and SEAL teams are eligible when the risk of enemy fire was great and was expected to be encountered. [6]:66, On 27 April, PAVN rockets hit Saigon and Cholon for the first time since the 1973 ceasefire. She began her deployment heading West and . 1st Anti-Tank Bn, 1st Mar Div, 27Mar66 to 20Sep69, 3rd Anti-Tank Bn, 3rd Mar Div, 12Jul65 to 20Sep69, For the Period of 08 February 1962 to 28 March 1973, Headquarters, US Military Assistance Command, Vietnam AND SUBORDINATE COMMANDS IN DIRECT SUPPORT are eligible to participate in the award only during the period actually served ashore in the Republic of Vietnam, Republic of Vietnam Meritorious Unit Commendation, Civil Action, 1st Class with Palm and Frame. (b) Vietnam Service Medal is awarded to all members of the Armed Forces Meritorious Unit Citation (MUC) Ribbon Synopsis: Awarded by the Secretary of the Navy to any unit of the Navy or Marine Corps which has distinguished itself, under combat or non-combat conditions, by either valorous or meritorious achievement which renders the unit outstanding compared to other units performing similar service, but not sufficient to justify the award of the Navy Unit Commendation. 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