2005. 2011. 2006. The results of Bernatchez et al. GMRC. Cairns, K. Tsukamoto, D. Jellyman, and H. Lickers. Maes, G.E, J.M. Access by possible routes identified from the Ottawa River to Lake Nipissing and then via the French River to Lake Huron and/or from the Trent Severn Waterway to Lake Huron rather than the Welland Canal should also be investigated given the propensity of eels to use damp substrates to surmount obstacles. 1982. A review of the possible impacts of long-term oceanic and climate changes and fishing mortality on recruitment of anguillid eels of the Northern Hemisphere. By contrast, Reist et al. Sec. A minimum convex polygon is constructed around the points for each NFBZ or the entire Canadian range. Atlantic Fisherman 20:10-11. Eels at the edge: science, status, and conservation concerns. Cooper, editors. Hoyle, O.E. Estimates of population size and instream mortality rate of American Eel elvers in a Nova Scotia river. Biology Letters 6: 819-822. Data sites within the National Freshwater Biogeographic Zone, Figure 14. Figure 4. Côté et al. Fitzsimons, G. Gal, K.T. This decision confirmed a communal right to hunt, fish and gather in pursuit of a “moderate livelihood” (Prosper, 2003; Prosper and Paulette, 2004a,b; Davis et al., 2004; Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, 2008). Annual landings show dramatic declines since the 1980s (Figure 12). Schechter, W.W. Taylor, and N.J. Leonard (eds.). Watts, T.A., and D.H. Watts. 2012. Figure 12. The European Eel Anguilla anguilla, a rapporteur of the chemical status for the water framework directive? Fisheries occur in most habitats including freshwater (lakes, rivers), estuaries, brackish and saltwater bays. During upstream migration between Beauharnois and Moses-Saunders dams, Verdon and Desrochers (2003) have estimated that yellow eels can travel at a speed of 2.3 km per day. In 2010, tailwater surveys suggest that there are only 8% of the silver eels leaving the system compared to 2000, or fewer than 20,000 silver eels leaving the upper St. Lawrence River and Lake Ontario system annually (NYPA, 2010). (Burgerhout et al. McCleave, J.D., R.C. 1998. 295p. Verreault, G., P. Dumont, and Y. Mailhot. Bradford, R.G, B. Nodding, M. Turner, and L. Stevens 2010. From 2005 to 2009, the mean catch of yellow eels was 8.7 t, a 71% reduction from the 1997 to 2002 mean. 20: 163-186. Number of eels represents total passage, not a standardized index of abundance because of variability in operating conditions. Can. 6 In the past, an index of the abundance of eels migrating upstream was calculated based on the daily passage during the 31-day period that represented the peak of eel migration during each year. Freshwat. of months or even years. Silvering eels in downstream pre-reproductive migration are caught from September to late October in the St. Lawrence estuary fishery (Verreault et al., 2003; De Lafontaine et al., 2009ab). 1992. 2010. It currently has no status under the federal Species at Risk Act. 1985. Wirth, T., and L. Bernatchez. 122p. Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences #2196. Vladykov, V.D. Overton, A.S., and R.A. Rulifson. Available (Accessed December 20 2010). Eels at the edge: science, status, and conservation concerns. Jessop, B.M. Working paper presented to the pre-COSEWIC/ZAP eel meeting, Ottawa, August-September 2010. 2010. 2000. Beal, and T.S. Marine and Freshwater Research 56:619-627. (1986) with mitochondrial markers and Wirth and Bernatchez (2002), the most recent results for maturing European Eels, which have a very similar life history (see Palm et al. Justification for, and status of, American Eel elver fisheries in Scotia-Fundy Region. 2010. Otolith age interpretations of juvenile American Eels ascending the R.H. Saunders Eel Ladder, Moses-Saunders Generating Station, upper St. Lawrence River, 2003-2007. 1983). as lower value habitat. Pages 191-213 in K. Aida, K. Tsukamoto and K. Yamauchi, editors. Since the COSEWIC Status Report in 2006, significant research and management plans have been initiated and conducted across the Canadian range of the American Eel. Trans. Palstra, A.P., V.J.T. A silver eel from the most distant rearing habitats in western Lake Ontario or the English River (Labrador) migrate more than 5,500 km to reach the spawning grounds, whereas a maturing eel from the closest Canadian rearing habitat in southern Nova Scotia migrates about 2,000 km. 1975. Cone. Life history traits or reproductive characteristics (growth rate, length and age at maturation) are variable across areas in Canada and different life history strategies are detected between male and female American Eel. Bowman, and A. Haro. In five areas within the St. Lawrence River and Gulf, Tremblay (2004; 2009a) found that the female body size is positively related to absolute fecundity. Biology, Management, and Protection of Catadromous Eels. The sheltered zone comprises 9,626 km², which is 1.1% of all marine habitat from the coastline to the 500 m isobath. Morrison and J.A. Geeraerts, C., and C. Belpaire. 1995. According to Bonhommeau et al. Fisheries 25(9): 7-16. ss 1531-1544. Over a distance of 1,300 km southwest from release, the horizontal migration speed varied from 5 to 25 km per day, much lower than required to reach the Sargasso Sea for spawning in April, which could indicate partial impairment of swimming ability owing to such tags. 2004. Chronology of licence buyout programs in the commercial fishery for American Eel in the Lake Saint-Pierre, Pont Laviolette and Île d’Orléans area, and lower estuary of the St. Lawrence River in, Table 5.
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